Perilaku Pemberian Makanan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) dalam Pencegahan Stunting Menggunakan Teori Health Belief Model

Abstract

Salah Stunting dapat disebabkan oleh perilaku Pemberian Makanan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) yang tidak optimal. Komunikasi kesehatan berperan penting dalam membentuk perilaku ibu dalam praktik PMBA. Namun, masih ditemukan kesenjangan antara pengetahuan dan praktik PMBA. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku PMBA dalam pencegahan stunting berdasarkan teori Health Belief Model (HBM). Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 68 ibu anggota posyandu di Desa Sinarsari, didukung data kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan dalam pemilihan responden. Analisis dilakukan dengan bantuan software SmartPLS. Hasil menunjukkan pengetahuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku PMBA melalui persepsi harapan, tetapi tidak melalui variabel ancaman. Isyarat bertindak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku melalui persepsi ancaman dan harapan. Terakhir, variabel ancaman dan harapan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku PMBA.

Stunting was caused by suboptimal Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Health communication played an important role in shaping mothers' behaviors in IYCF practices. However, a gap was still found between knowledge and practice of IYCF. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influenced IYCF behavior in stunting prevention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory. A quantitative approach was used by distributing questionnaires to 68 mothers who were members of the Posyandu in Sinarsari Village, supported by qualitative data through observation and in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting respondents. The analysis was carried out using SmartPLS software. The results showed that knowledge significantly influenced IYCF behavior through perceived benefits, but not through perceived threats. Cues to action influenced behavior through both perceived threats and perceived benefits. Finally, perceived threats and perceived benefits affected IYCF behavior.