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      Pendugaan Kuota Panen Lestari Populasi Banteng Jawa (Bos javanicus) di Sanctuary Taman Nasional Baluran

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Pratama, Muhammad Rizky
      Santosa, Yanto
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      Abstract
      Banteng Jawa (Bos javanicus) merupakan fauna endemik terancam punah di Indonesia, dengan Taman Nasional Baluran sebagai suaka konservasi utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga parameter demografi, menghitung kuota panen lestari dengan menggunakan pendekatan Minimum Viable Population (MVP), dan menganalisis dinamika populasi banteng. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis data logbook tahun 2019–2024, mencakup natalitas, mortalitas, struktur umur, dan nisbah kelamin. Hasil menunjukkan populasi menurun dari 10 individu (2021) menjadi 6 (2022) akibat pelepasliaran, lalu pulih menjadi 12 (2024) setelah intervensi penyelamatan genetik. Penurunan natalitas ke 0,25 pada 2023 mencerminkan strategi pengendalian inbreeding, sementara lonjakan lima kelahiran pada 2024 menunjukkan keberhasilan manajemen genetik dengan langkah mendatangkan individu baru ke sanctuary yang genentiknya berbeda. Perhitungan MVP mengidentifikasi potensi panen pada 2019–2021 (betina) sebanyak 9 individu dan 2024 (anakan) sebanyak 3 individu, namun implementasinya dinilai berisiko tinggi karena populasi kecil dan rentan. Dinamika populasi faktual sangat berbeda dari model proyeksi pada 2019-2030 sebanyak 28 individu, menegaskan bahwa pertumbuhan populasi lebih dipengaruhi oleh intervensi manajemen daripada faktor ekologis alami.
       
      The Javan banteng (Bos javanicus) is an endangered endemic fauna in Indonesia, with Baluran National Park serving as its main conservation sanctuary. This research aims to estimate demographic parameters, calculate the sustainable harvest quota using the Minimum Viable Population (MVP) approach, and analyze the banteng's population dynamics. The method used was the analysis of logbook data from 2019–2024, covering natality, mortality, age structure, and sex ratio. The results show the population decreased from 10 individuals in 2021 to 6 in 2022 due to releases, then recovered to 12 in 2024 after a genetic rescue intervention. The decrease in natality to 0,25 in 2023 reflects a strategy to control inbreeding, while the surge of five births in 2024 indicates the success of genetic management by introducing a new, genetically different individual to the sanctuary. The MVP calculation identified a potential harvest of 9 females from 2019–2021 and 3 calves in 2024, but its implementation is considered high-risk due to the small and vulnerable population. The factual population dynamics differ significantly from the projection model, which estimated 28 individuals by 2030, confirming that population growth is more influenced by management interventions than by natural ecological factors.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169916
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      • UT - Conservation of Forest and Ecotourism [2495]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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