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      Karakter Fisiologi dan Komponen Hasil Padi Lokal Asal Indonesia

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Islamiyyah, Kamilah Syakhsyiyyah
      Miftahudin
      Fendiyanto, Miftahul Huda
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      Abstract
      Padi merupakan komoditas pangan utama di Indonesia yang berperan penting dalam ketahanan pangan. Namun, produksi beras mengalami penurunan 2,43% pada tahun 2024 dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Keberagaman genetik padi lokal Indonesia menawarkan potensi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas melalui pemilihan varietas yang unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter fisiologi dan komponen hasil dari 117 aksesi padi lokal Indonesia guna menentukan varietas dengan berpotensi hasil terbaik. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap panjang malai, bobot gabah isi, serta faktor fisiologi seperti laju fotosintesis, transpirasi, dan konduktansi stomata. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan Hierarchical Clustering untuk menentukan hubungan antar karakter dan mengelompokkan aksesi berdasarkan kesamaan fisiologi. Menurut hasil penelitian, aksesi padi lokal dikelompokkan menjadi empat klaster, dengan klaster kedua (aksesi Bandung Kunclung, Gendjah Majalanga, Balacung, Kuning Mariang, IR64, Pulo, Sri Putih 2002, Pulut Ketan, Inpago 7, Betonan, Gebang 2020, dan Babawe 2012) memiliki potensi hasil karakter fisiologi terbaik. Karakter fisiologi seperti konduktansi stomata dan konsentrasi CO2 interseluler menunjukkan hubungan erat dengan efisiensi fotosintesis, yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai seleksi padi lokal untuk pengembangan varietas unggul, serta mendukung keberagaman padi dalam pertanian Indonesia.
       
      Rice is the main food commodity in Indonesia and plays a crucial role in food security. However, rice production declined by 2.43% in 2024 compared to the previous year. The genetic diversity of Indonesia's local rice varieties offers potential to improve productivity through the selection of superior varieties. This study aims to identify physiological traits and yield components of 117 local rice accessions in Indonesia to determine varieties with the best yield potential. Observations were made on panicle length, filled grain weight, and physiological characteristics such as photosynthesis rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering were used to analyze the relationships among traits and to group accessions based on physiological similarities. Based on the research, local rice accessions were grouped into four clusters, with the second cluster (including Bandung Kunclung, Gendjah Majalanga, Balacung, Kuning Mariang, IR64, Pulo, Sri Putih 2002, Pulut Ketan, Inpago 7, Betonan, Gebang 2020, and Babawe 2012) exhibiting the best potential in terms of physiological traits. Physiological characteristics such as stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration showed a strong correlation with photosynthetic efficiency, which significantly influences productivity. This study provides valuable insights for selecting local rice accessions in the development of superior varieties and supports the preservation of rice diversity in Indonesian agriculture.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169793
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      • UT - Biology [2396]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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