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      Kehilangan Bahan Organik dan Unsur Hara Melalui Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi Tanah di Perkebunan Nanas Lampung

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Pudjawati, Nihawa Hajar
      Baskoro, Dwi Putro Tejo
      Purwakusuma, Wahyu
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      Abstract
      Modernisasi pertanian dengan penggunaan alat berat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, namun pengolahan tanah mekanis secara intensif menyebabkan terbentuknya tapak bajak yang dapat menurunkan kapasitas infiltrasi tanah sehingga meningkatkan aliran permukaan dan erosi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kehilangan bahan organik dan unsur hara melalui aliran permukaan dan erosi tanah pada lahan yang diolah dengan bajak dangkal (0 – 20 cm) dan bajak dalam (40 – 60 cm) di perkebunan nanas Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun nanas PT Great Giant Pineapple menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah dengan 2 taraf perlakuan pembajakan yang masing-masing dilakukan sebanyak 6 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kandungan C-organik dan N-total dalam sedimen tanah, serta kandungan N, P, dan K dalam air aliran permukaan. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada November 2024 pada curah hujan 44 mm/hari di bak penampung dari setiap petak erosi yang. berukuran 14 m x 4 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kedalaman pembajakan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan bahan organik dan unsur hara dalam aliran permukaan kecuali kandungan K. Kehilangan K melalui aliran permukaan pada pembajakan dangkal lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada pembajakan dalam sebagai akibat cenderung terkumpulnya bahan organik di permukaan lahan yang lebih rentan terhadap erosi. Perlakuan pembajakan dalam (40 – 60 cm) sampai dengan 2 bulan pertama lebih efektif dalam mengurangi kehilangan hara dibandingkan pada pembajakan dangkal (0 – 20 cm) karena pada lahan yang dibajak dalam bahan organik cenderung tersebar lebih merata di dalam profil. Modernisation of agriculture through the use of heavy equipment can increase productivity. Still, intensive mechanical soil cultivation causes the soil in the deeper layers to become compacted, which can reduce soil infiltration capacity, thereby increasing surface runoff and soil erosion. This study aims to identify the loss of organic matter and nutrients through surface runoff and soil erosion on land cultivated with shallow ploughing (0 – 20 cm) and deep ploughing (40 – 60 cm) in a pineapple plantation in Lampung. The study was conducted at PT Great Giant Pineapple's pineapple plantation using a Split-Plot Design with two ploughing depth treatments, each replicated six times. The parameters observed included organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) content in soil sediments, as well as N, P, and K content in surface runoff water. Sampling was conducted in November 2024 during rainfall of 44 mm/day in an erosion plot measuring 14 m x 4 m. The results showed that ploughing depth treatments did not significantly affect organic carbon and nutrient content in surface runoff, except for potassium. Potassium loss through surface runoff in shallow ploughing was higher than in deep ploughing, as organic matter tends to accumulate on the surface of the land, which is more susceptible to erosion. Deep ploughing (40 – 60 cm) proved to be more effective in reducing nutrient loss as compared to shallow ploughing (0–20 cm) on the first two months because organic matter tends to be more evenly distributed within the profile.
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169719
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2822]

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