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      Vernalisasi dan Perendaman BAP Meningkatkan Pembungaan Bawang Merah (Allium cepa group Aggregatum) di Sembalun, Lombok Timur

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Khosyati, Marlina Ayuni
      Krisantini
      Palupi, Endah Retno
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      Abstract
      Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas penting di Indonesia yang umumnya diperbanyak menggunakan umbi. Umbi bibit umumnya tidak bebas patogen, sehingga penggunaan insektisida dalam budidaya bawang merah cukup tinggi. Penggunaan biji botani/true seed of shallot (TSS) menjadi alternatif yang menjanjikan, meskipun pembungaan alami pada berbagai varietas bawang merah umumnya rendah. Salah satu cara meningkatkan pembungaan bawang merah adalah perlakuan vernalisasi umbi dan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan vernalisasi umbi pada suhu 10oC dan perendaman BAP 50 ppm terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembungaan pada tanaman bawang merah varietas Bali Karet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sembalun Bumbung, Lombok Timur dengan ketinggian ±1100 m di atas permukaan laut (mdpl) menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu umbi bawang merah tanpa vernalisasi sebagai kontrol; vernalisasi; dan vernalisasi serta perendaman BAP 50 ppm. Pengamatan dilakukan pada parameter saat muncul tunas, tinggi tanaman, persentase tanaman berbubunga, waktu muncul umbel, jumlah umbel, awal bunga mekar, lama mekar bunga, jumlah bunga, persentase kapsul, jumlah kapsul, diameter umbel, dan panjang tangkai umbel. Vernalisasi pada suhu 10oC selama 4 minggu dan perendaman umbi dalam 50 ppm BAP selama 60 menit pada bawang merah varietas Bali Karet mempercepat munculnya umbel, meningkatkan persentase tanaman menghasilkan umbel, meningkatkan jumlah umbel, serta mempercepat waktu berbunga 50%.
       
      Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is one of the important commodities in Indonesia, commonly propagated using bulbs. Bulb seeds are generally not pathogen-free. The use of true seed of shallot (TSS) offers a potential alternative; however, natural flowering in many shallot varieties is generally low. One way to enhance shallot flowering is trough bulb vernalization and the application of the plant growth regulator 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). This study aimed to analyze the effect of bulb vernalization at 10°C and the application of 50 ppm BAP on the growth and flowering of the Bali Karet variety. The research was conducted in Sembalun Bumbung Village, East Lombok, at an altitude of ±1,100 meters above sea level, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments and four replications. The treatments included control, vernalization, and vernalization combined with 50 ppm BAP application. Observations were made on sprouting time, plant height, percentage of flowering plants, time of umbel emergence, number of umbels, initial flowering, flowering duration, number of flowers, capsule percentage, number of capsules, umbel diameter, and peduncle length. Vernalization at 10?°C for 4 weeks combined with 50?ppm BAP application for 60 minutes in shallot cultivar Bali Karet accelerated umbel emergence, increased the percentage of plants producing umbels, enhanced the number of umbels per plant, and shortened the time to 50% flowering.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169528
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7617]

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