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      Identifikasi Metabolit Biomarker dan Profil Protein Daging Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) Selama Penyimpanan

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      DUANASSURYA, MEGANA
      Nugraha, Roni
      Nurilmala, Mala
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      Abstract
      Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan komoditas perikanan bernilai tinggi di Indonesia yang sangat rentan terhadap penurunan kualitas akibat reaksi kimia, enzimatik, dan aktivitas mikroba selama penyimpanan. Proses pengukusan yang sering dilakukan di miniplant menjadi metode penanganan awal untuk mempertahankan kualitas rajungan sebelum proses lanjutan di pabrik. Untuk memantau penurunan kualitas selama penyimpanan dingin dan beku, penelitian ini menggunakan pendektan metabolomik berbasis GC-MS dan karakteristik fisikokimia meliputi analisis tekstur, konsentrasi protein dengan metode Bradford, dan profil protein melalui SDS-PAGE untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang perubahan yang terjadi pada daging rajungan. Pendekatan komprehensif ini bertujuan unutk mendeteksi dini perubahan metabolit dan fisikokimia, mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut, serta memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang mekanisme penurunan kualitas daging rajungan yang diproses di miniplant dan disimpan pada suhu rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengukusan memengaruhi kestabilan protein dan senyawa metabolit pada daging rajungan jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi segar. Bagian daging kaki (leg meat) yang dikukus memiliki kadar protein tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 21,38±0,00% (basis basah). Pengujian tekstur (TPA) menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada parameter kekerasan (hardness), kekenyalan (chewiness), dan kepadatan kunyahan (gumminess) setelah dikukus. Penyimpanan pada suhu dingin dan beku memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap mutu daging rajungan selama masa simpan. Secara umum, konsentrasi protein dari seluruh jenis daging menurun pada hari ketiga, dengan kisaran antara 1.256,27±195,22 µg/mL hingga 1.517,45±325,64 µg/mL. Namun, kadar protein tertinggi ditemukan pada bagian jumbo lump setelah penyimpanan beku selama empat minggu, yaitu antara 2.995,29±432,72 µg/mL hingga 3.877,16±53,13 µg/mL. Temuan ini berbeda dengan hasil analisis profil protein melalui SDS-PAGE, yang menunjukkan bahwa protein tetap stabil selama penyimpanan chilling hingga tujuh hari, tetapi mulai terdegradasi setelah penyimpanan beku lebih dari tiga minggu, ditandai oleh reduksi pita tropomiosin. Selain itu, proses pengukusan meningkatkan asam amino tertentu (treonin, serin, asam, glutamat, alanin, dan leusin) yang berpotensi menjadi biomarker. Selama penyimpanan, baik dingin maupun beku, terjadi penurunan mutu yang ditandai dengan perubahan senyawa glisin, asam fosfat, treonin, valin dan lisin sebagai biomarker potensial untuk memantau kualitas daging rajungan selama penyimpanan.
       
      Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a high value fishery commodity in Indonesia that is highly vulnerable to quality degradation caused by chemical, enzymatic, and microbial reactions during storage. Steaming, often performed in miniplants, is a common handling method to maintain the quality of swimming crabs before further processing in the factory. To monitor this quality decline during chilled and frozen storage, this study employs a GC-MS-based metabolomics approach and physicochemical characteristics including texture analysis, protein concentration using the Bradford method, and protein profiling using SDS-PAGE to gain a comprehensive understanding of the changes that occur in blue swimming crab meat. This comprehensive approach aims to detect early detection of metabolite and physicochemical changes, prevent further deterioration, and provide a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of quality degradation in crab meat processed in miniplants and stored at low temperatures. The results showed that steaming influenced the stability of proteins and metabolites in crab meat compared to fresh samples. The steamed leg meat shows the highest protein content at 21.38±0.00% (wet basis). Texture profile analysis (TPA) reveals an increase in hardness, chewiness, and gumminess after steaming. Storage at chilling and freezing temperatures significantly affects the quality of crab meat throughout the storage time. Overall, protein concentration under chilling temperature in all meat types decreases by the third day, ranging from 1,256.27±195.22 µg/mL to 1,517.45±325.64 µg/mL. However, the jumbo lump exhibits the highest protein content after four weeks of frozen storage, ranging from 2,995.29±432.72 µg/mL to 3,877.16±53.13 µg/mL. This observation contrasts with the protein profile analysis via SDS-PAGE, which shows that proteins remain stable during chilling storage for up to seven days but start to degrade after more than three weeks of frozen storage. Furthermore, the steaming process increases specific amino acids (threonine, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine), which show promise as biomarkers. During storage, whether chilled or frozen, leads to a decline in quality, characterized by changes in compounds like glycine, phosphoric acid, threonine, valine, and lysine. These compounds serve as potential biomarkes for monitoring blue swimming crab meat quality during storage.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169513
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      • MT - Fisheries [3193]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository