Desain dan Simulasi Alat Pemanen Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Scissor Lift

Abstract

Proses pemanenan kelapa sawit sering menghadapi kendala keterlambatan, teknik yang kurang tepat, dan rendahnya efisiensi tenaga kerja sehingga memengaruhi kualitas pemanenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mensimulasikan alat pemanen tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit berbasis scissor lift yang lebih efektif, efisien, dan produktif untuk menjaga kualitas hasil panen. Pendekatan desain fungsional dan struktural digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan meliputi identifikasi masalah, perumusan konsep desain, analisis teknik, gambar teknik, dan simulasi kinematika. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan simulasi menunjukkan struktur alat mampu menahan beban 1200 kg dengan tegangan aman (193 MPa platform kerja, 175 MPa lengan scissor) tanpa melewati batas mulur. Sistem hidrolik dengan diamater silinder Ø50 mm, rod Ø30 mm, dan ketebalan 2,5 mm dapat mengangkat platform hingga 12 meter secara stabil, dengan sudut operasi 3°-60°. Desain drop tray dengan lebar jari jari 900 mm efektif menampung TBS sekaligus mengurangi kerusakan buah. Dilengkapi pagar pengaman dan roda pencengkeram untuk kestabilan dan keamanan operator. Solusi inovatif ini efektif mengatasi keterbatasan metode pemanenan konvensional.

The palm oil harvesting process often faces obstacles such as delays, improper techniques, and low labor efficiency, which affect the quality of the harvest. This research aims to design and simulate a scissor lift-based oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvester that is more effective, efficient, and productive to maintain the quality of the harvest. Functional and structural design approaches are used in this research which consists of several stages including problem identification, design concept formulation, engineering analysis, engineering drawings, and kinematics simulation. Based on the analysis and simulation results, the tool structure is able to withstand a load of 1200 kg with safe stress (193 MPa platform, 175 MPa scissor arm) without crossing the creep limit. The hydraulic system with a cylinder diamater of Ø50 mm, rod of Ø30 mm, and thickness of 2,5 mm can lift the platform up to 12 meters stably, with an operating angle of 3°-60°. The cantilever design with a radius width of 900 mm effectively accommodates FFB while reducing fruit damage. Equipped with safety fences and choke wheels for operator stability and safety. This innovative solution effectively overcomes the limitations of conventional harvesting methods.