Measurement of Soil CO2 and CH4 Fluxes in Rubber, Coconut, Durian Plantations, and Tertiary Forest Using Automated Chambers

Abstract

Perubahan penggunaan lahan memengaruhi fluks gas rumah kaca (GRK) dari tanah, khususnya CO2 dan CH4, yang berperan dalam dinamika iklim. Penelitian ini membandingkan fluks CO2 dan CH4 pada empat tipe lahan: perkebunan karet, kelapa, durian, dan hutan tersier di Thailand Selatan. Pengukuran mingguan dilakukan selama musim hujan menggunakan sistem otomatis LI-7810 Trace Gas Analyzer dan LI-8200-01 Smart Chamber, dilengkapi sensor suhu dan kelembapan tanah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tanah pada karet dan kelapa berpotensi menjadi penyerap metana, sedangkan durian menghasilkan emisi CH4 tertinggi, terutama setelah hujan. Pola fluks bervariasi tergantung jarak collar dari batang pohon, yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh sistem perakaran. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara fluks GRK dengan suhu dan kelembapan tanah. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya mempertimbangkan faktor biologis dan lingkungan dalam memahami emisi GRK serta potensi mitigasinya melalui pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan.

Land-use change influences greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from soil, particularly CO2 and CH4, which play a role in climate dynamics. This study compares CO2 and CH4 fluxes across four land-use types: rubber, coconut, durian plantations, and tertiary forest in Southern Thailand. Weekly measurements were conducted during the rainy season using the automated LI-7810 Trace Gas Analyzer and LI-8200-01 Smart Chamber system, equipped with soil temperature and moisture sensors. The results show that soils in rubber and coconut plantations have the potential to act as methane sinks, while durian plantations exhibited the highest CH4 emissions, especially after rainfall events. Flux patterns varied depending on the distance of the collar from the tree trunk, likely due to the influence of root system characteristics. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between GHG fluxes and soil temperature and moisture. These findings highlight the importance of considering biological and environmental factors in understanding GHG emissions and their mitigation potential through sustainable land management.