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      • UT - Faculty of Economics and Management
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      Dampak Program Hilirisasi Nikel terhadap Pendapatan Sektoral dan Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Wardah, Bannaty Addhya
      Sahara
      Azijah, Zulva
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      Abstract
      Pemerintah Indonesia menggagas program hilirisasi nikel guna meningkatkan nilai tambah produk olahan nikel sejalan dengan fakta Indonesia memiliki cadangan bijih nikel terbesar di dunia. Namun kenyataannya, seiring dengan peningkatan perekonomian, tingkat penduduk miskin di wilayah-wilayah penghasil nikel justru meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami implementasi serta dampak investasi program ini terhadap pendapatan sektoral dan distribusi pendapatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif dan Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi (SNSE) tahun 2022. Hasil analisis menunjukkan program ini mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah produk olahan nikel namun Indonesia masih mengimpor bijih nikel untuk memenuhi pasokan kebutuhan dalam negeri. Investasi dari program hilirisasi nikel juga mampu meningkatkan pendapatan di sektor produksi, faktor produksi dan institusi. Namun, persentase peningkatan pendapatan antar institusi rumah tangga tidak berbeda jauh, sehingga program ini belum mampu mengurangi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu melakukan optimalisasi pajak dari sektor-sektor yang diuntungkan, lalu disalurkan ke kelompok rumah tangga berpenghasilan terendah
       
      The Indonesian government initiated a nickel downstreaming program to increase the added value of processed nickel products, recognizing that Indonesia possessed the largest nickel ore reserves in the world. However, despite economic growth, poverty levels in nickel-producing regions also increased. This study analyzed the program’s implementation and its impact on sectoral income and income distribution, employing descriptive analysis and the 2022 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The results showed that the program increased the value of processed nickel products and boosted income across production sectors, production factors, and institutions, yet Indonesia still imported nickel ore to meet domestic demand. In addition, the percentage of income growth among various household groups was relatively the same, indicating that the program had not been able to reduce income inequality. Therefore, the government needed to optimize tax revenues from benefiting sectors and channel them to low-income households through targeted social protection programs.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169261
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3209]

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