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      Detection and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Alliinase-Encoding Gene in Thai and Chinese Garlic

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      JULIANSYAH, ILHAM
      Astuti, Rika Indri
      Aramrak, Attawan
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      Abstract
      Alliinase is an enzyme mainly found in garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) that catalyzes the conversion of alliin into allicin. This enzyme was identified as an allergen in garlic. As Thai garlic and Chinese garlic are the two main types of garlic found in Thailand, this study was conducted to investigate and analyze the sequence of the alliinase-encoding gene in these two types of garlic. The genomic DNA of Thai and Chinese was isolated from the bulbs using a DNA extraction kit. Molecular detection of the alliinase gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers and three different PCR master mixes, and the resulting amplicon was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The alliinase gene was successfully amplified using only the 2x Phire Plant Direct PCR Master Mix. However, only amplicon from Thai garlic genomic DNA was confirmed as the alliinase gene, while this gene failed to be amplified from the genomic DNA of the Chinese garlic. Based on the phylogenetic tree using alliinase amino acid sequences, Allium sativum (Thailand) clustered with Allium ampeloprasum, supported by a high bootstrap value. Additionally, Allium sativum ISA 1 and ISA 2 were grouped into a distinct cluster, aligning with the clustering patterns reported in earlier studies. Alliinase physicochemical properties indicated that Thai-garlic alliinase protein has more aromatic amino acid and is hydrophilic, water-soluble in neutral pH, and less stable in high temperatures. Protein visualization revealed that the aliinase from Thai garlic exhibited a homodimer model, which is closely related to alliinase based on sequence identity. Based on the results, the alliinase gene was successfully identified in Thai garlic, however, it was not detected in Chinese garlic. Further optimization of gene detection methods should be conducted to confirm the presence of the alliinase gene in Chinese garlic and other types of garlic.
       
      Alliinase merupakan enzim yang umum ditemukan di umbi bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) dan berperan dalam mengkatalisis konversi alliin menjadi allicin. Enzim ini telah diidentifikasi sebagai alergen pada bawang putih. Bawang putih asal Thailand dan Cina merupakan dua jenis bawang putih yang umum ditemukan di Thailand, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi dan menganalisis sekuen gen penyandi alliinase pada kedua jenis bawang putih tersebut. DNA genomik dari bawang putih Thailand dan China diisolasi dari umbi menggunakan kit ekstraksi DNA. Deteksi molekuler gen alliinase dilakukan dengan menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dengan primer spesifik dan tiga jenis PCR master mix yang berbeda, kemudian amplikon disekuensing dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat bioinformatika. Gen alliinase telah berhasil diamplifikasi hanya menggunakan 2x Phire Plant Direct PCR Maaster Mix. Namun, hanya amplikon dari DNA genomik bawang putih Thailand yang telah dikonfirmasi sebagai gen alliinase, sementara gen ini gagal diamplifikasi dari DNA genomik bawang putih Cina. Berdasarkan pohon filogenetik menggunakan sekuen-sekuen asam amino alliinase, Allium sativum (Thailand) berkerabat dekat dengan Allium ampeloprasum, didukung oleh nilai bootstrap yang tinggi. Selain itu, Allium sativum ISA 1 dan ISA 2 membentuk klaster tersendiri, sesuai dengan pola pengelompokan yang dilaporkan dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Sifat fisiko-kimia alliinase telah mengindikasikan bahwa protein alliinase dari bawang putih Thailand memiliki banyak asam amino aromatik, bersifat hidrofilik, larut pada pH netral, dan kurang stabil pada suhu tinggi. Visualisasi protein menunjukan bahwa alliinase dari bawang putih Thailand membentuk model homodimer, yang memiliki kedekatan hubungan dengan alliinase berdasarkan kesamaan sekuen. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, gen alliinase berhasil diidentifikasi pada bawang putih Thailand, namun belum terdeteksi pada bawang putih Cina. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan optimasi lebih lanjut terhadap metode deteksi gen untuk memastikan keberadaan gen alliinase pada bawang putih Cina maupun jenis bawang putih lainnya.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169188
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      • UT - Biology [2396]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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