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      Etnozoologi Masyarakat Suku Toraja Sulawesi Selatan

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Bulo', Bazaleel Edwin Trisakti
      Masyud, Burhanuddin
      Masyud, Burhanuddin
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      Abstract
      Penelitian etnozoologi ini mengkaji interaksi masyarakat Suku Toraja dengan satwa, sebuah pengetahuan tradisional yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Tujuannya adalah mengidentifikasi jenis satwa yang dimanfaatkan, faktor yang memengaruhinya, menganalisis nilai penting budaya dan ekonomi satwa, serta mengidentifikasi praktik pengelolaannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari-Maret 2025 di Rantepao dan Tallunglipu, Toraja Utara. Metode yang digunakan meliputi studi literatur, wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, dan observasi eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 38 jenis satwa dari 30 famili dan sembilan kelas dimanfaatkan, termasuk hewan ternak, satwa liar, hewan peliharaan, dan invertebrata. Beberapa jenis satwa yang dimanfaatkan tersebut adalah satwa liar dilindungi yang digunakan dalam ritual adat. Kerbau, babi, anjing, dan ayam memiliki nilai ICS tertinggi, karena dominan dalam konsumsi, ritual adat, kesenian, serta pengobatan, dan didorong pemanfaatannya oleh faktor sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi, kesehatan dan hukum adat. Praktik pengelolaan satwa umumnya berbasis beternak. Simpulan menegaskan peran satwa dalam kehidupan Suku Toraja, tergolong penting dalam mendukung ekonomi lokal maupun pelestarian budaya. Disarankan penelitian lanjutan untuk menelusuri rantai perdagangan satwa dilindungi dan regulasi terkait penggunaannya dalam upacara adat.
       
      This ethnozoological research was conducted from February to March 2025 in Rantepao and Tallunglipu, North Toraja, to examine the interactions between the Torajan community and wildlife, a traditional knowledge passed down through generations. This study aimed to identify the types of animals utilized, the factors influencing their use, analyze their cultural and economic significance, and identify their management practices. Methods included a literature review, in-depth interviews with key informants, and exploratory observations. The findings showed that 38 animal species from 30 families and nine classes were utilized, encompassing livestock, wild animals, pets, and invertebrates; notably, some were protected species used in traditional rituals. Buffalo, pigs, dogs, and chickens held the highest ICS values, dominantly in consumption, traditional rituals, arts, and traditional medicine, driven by social, cultural, economic, health, and customary law factors. Animal management and utilization practices primarily involved livestock farming. The study concluded that animals held vital role in Torajan life, supporting the local economy and cultural preservation, and recommended further research into the trade chains of protected animals and the government regulation about their use in customary ceremonies.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169180
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      • UT - Conservation of Forest and Ecotourism [2495]

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