Suplementasi Protein Berbahan Dasar Leguminosa Dalam Ransum Terhadap Fermentabilitas Rumen dan Kecernaan Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Leguminosa pohon seperti kelor, indigofera, dan turi mengandung protein yang tinggi serta potensi sebagai sumber nitrogen dalam ransum ruminansia. Sebagai pakan lokal, leguminosa berpotensi mengurangi ketergantungan pada bungkil kedelai impor yang harganya relatif mahal. Namun, kandungan antinutrisi seperti tanin dapat mengikat protein dan memengaruhi fermentabilitas serta kecernaan. Perbedaan kandungan nutrien dan antinutrisi antartanaman menyebabkan respons rumen yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi suplementasi protein leguminosa dalam ransum terhadap fermentabilitas rumen dan kecernaan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) digunakan dengan empat perlakuan: P1 (ransum kontrol), P2 (P1 + 10% suplemen daun kelor), P3 (P1 + 10% suplemen daun indigofera), dan P4 (P1 + 10% suplemen daun turi). Peubah yang diuji meliputi pH rumen, konsentrasi NH3, produksi VFA total, populasi bakteri total, populasi protozoa, serta KcBK dan KcBO. Data dianalisis dengan metode ANOVA, apabila berbeda nyata diuji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ransum dengan suplementasi protein leguminosa berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap NH3, VFA total, populasi bakteri total, KcBK dan KcBO, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap pH rumen, dan populasi protozoa. Berdasarkan hasil terbaik yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini, daun kelor dan indigofera secara signifikan lebih mendukung dalam meningkatkan fermentabilitas rumen dan kecernaan secara in vitro dibandingkan daun turi, serta berpotensi sebagai sumber protein lokal yang efisien dan berkelanjutan untuk ransum ruminansia.

Tree legumes such as Moringa oleifera, Indigofera zollingeriana, and Sesbania grandiflora contain high levels of protein and have the potential to serve as nitrogen sources in ruminant diets. As locally available feed resources, these legumes can help reduce dependence on imported soybean meal, which is relatively expensive. However, the presence of antinutritional compounds such as tannins may bind proteins and negatively affect rumen fermentability and digestibility. Differences in nutrient and antinutritional contents among plant species can result in varying rumen responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of legume-based protein supplementation in rations on rumen fermentability and digestibility under in vitro conditions. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used with four dietary treatments: P1 (control ration), P2 (P1 + 10% Moringa leaf supplementation), P3 (P1 + 10% Indigofera leaf supplementation), and P4 (P1 + 10% Turi leaf supplementation). Peubahs measured included rumen pH, ammonia (NH3) concentration, total VFA production, total bacterial population, protozoa population, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that legume protein supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on NH3 concentration, total VFA production, total bacterial population, IVDMD, and IVOMD, but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on rumen pH and protozoa population. Based on the best results obtained, supplementation with Moringa and Indigofera leaves significantly enhanced rumen fermentability and digestibility under in vitro conditions compared to Turi leaves, indicating their potential as efficient and sustainable local protein sources for ruminant diets.