Uji Kinerja Modifikasi Reaktor Biodiesel Non-Katalitik dengan Aplikasi Nozzle Fine Bubble

Abstract

Pengembangan biodiesel sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dilakukan dengan metode non-katalitik Superheated Methanol Vapor (SMV) pada bubble column reactor yang diterapkan nozzle fine bubble dengan kondisi operasi suhu 225? dan laju aliran 4 gram/menit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji performa reaktor hasil modifikasi, menganalisis aliran fluida reaktor, serta menghitung kebutuhan daya dan energi reaktor. Modifikasi dilakukan dengang penambahan nozzle fine bubble dan sistem sirkulasi reaktan pada raktor. Setelah modifikasi, diperoleh hasil biodiesel sebesar 304,11 gram dengan konversi sebesar 95,19% dan yield sebesar 60,39%. Daya yang dibutuhkan sebesar 2461,69 W dan energi yang dibutuhkan sebesar 10749,14 Wh. Pengujian aliran fluida bubble column reactor dilakukan menggunakan biodiesel B100 pada berbagai suhu dan frekuensi pompa. Semakin besar suhu, nilai densitas dan viskositas fluida akan menurun, sehingga kenaikan suhu menyebabkan penurunan nilai laju aliran, debit, dan kecepatan aliran. Pada kondisi suhu yang sama, semakin besar frekuensi pompa, nilai laju aliran, debit, kecepatan aliran, dan bilangan Reynolds yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar. Penggunaan nozzle fine bubble pada kombinasi suhu dan laju aliran berhasil membuktikan bahwa modifikasi reaktor memberikan peningkatan konversi biodiesel sebesar 41,16% namun diiringi dengan kenaikan konsumsi daya sebesar 68,40% dan energi sebesar 33,06%.

The development of biodiesel as an alternative fuel was carried out using the non-catalytic Superheated Methanol Vapor (SMV) method in a bubble column reactor that applied a fine bubble nozzle with operating conditions of 225? and a flow rate of 4 grams/minute. This study aims to test the performance of the modified reactor, analyze the reactor fluid flow, and calculate the power and energy requirements of the reactor. Modifications were made by adding a fine bubble nozzle and a reactant circulation system to the reactor. After modification, a biodiesel yield of 304.11 grams was obtained with a conversion of 95.19% and a yield of 60.39%. The power required was 2461.69 W and the energy required was 10749.14 Wh. The bubble column reactor fluid flow test was carried out using B100 biodiesel at various temperatures and pump frequencies. The higher the temperature, the lower the density and viscosity of the fluid, so that an increase in temperature causes a decrease in the value of the flow rate, discharge, and flow velocity. At the same temperature, the higher the pump frequency, the greater the resulting flow rate, discharge, flow velocity, and Reynolds number. The use of a fine bubble nozzle at a combination of temperature and flow rate successfully proved that the reactor modification provided a 41.16% increase in biodiesel conversion but was accompanied by a 68.40% increase in power consumption and 33.06% increase in energy.