Penerapan Gizi Seimbang dan Hubungannya terhadap Status Gizi Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Pekalongan

Abstract

Anak sekolah dasar membutuhkan asupan zat gizi yang seimbang untuk optimalisasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Namun, masalah gizi pada anak usia sekolah masih tinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan perilaku gizi seimbang dan hubungannya terhadap status gizi anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November–Desember 2024 dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional di SDIT Plus Mutiara Umat Bojong dan SDN 1 Wiroditan, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Sebanyak 140 anak dipilih secara simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, food recall 1 x 24 jam, IDDS, dan pengukuran antropometri. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada uang saku, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ayah, status gizi, asupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat serta sikap di SD Swasta dan SD Negeri (p<0,05). Uji korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara besar keluarga, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang tua, dan pengetahuan gizi dengan status gizi (p<0,05).

Elementary school children need a balanced intake of nutrients to optimize their growth and development. However, nutritional problems among school-aged children remain high in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of balanced nutrition behavior and its association with nutritional status among school-age children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in November December 2024 at SDIT Plus Mutiara Umat Bojong and SDN 1 Wiroditan, Pekalongan Regency. A total of 140 students were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, food recall 1 × 24 hour, IDDS, and anthropometric measurements. Independent tests revealed significant differences in pocket money, mother’s education, father’s occupation, nutritional status, energy, fat, and carbohydrate intake, and attitudes between public and private school students (p<0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation showed significant associations between nutritional status and household size, parental education, and occupation) and nutrition knowledge (p<0.05).