Manajemen Koleksi Tumbuhan Endemik Indonesia: Studi Kasus Koleksi Famili Rubiaceae di Kebun Raya Bogor

Abstract

Kebun Raya Bogor merupakan salah satu lembaga konservasi ex situ yang berperan dalam memelihara dan mencegah kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan, termasuk di antaranya koleksi jenis tumbuhan endemik famili Rubiaceae di Indonesia. Tumbuhan endemik rentan terhadap ancaman antropogenik dan perubahan lingkungan setelah diintroduksi dari habitat alami ke habitat buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperbarui data kondisi koleksi dan menyusun rekomendasi siklus manajemen koleksi sebagai upaya meningkatkan nilai konservasi dari koleksi tumbuhan endemik Indonesia, khususnya famili Rubiaceae di Kebun Raya Bogor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penapisan pangkalan data koleksi tumbuhan, studi literatur, serta inventarisasi koleksi tumbuhan endemik dengan menghimpun data usia tanaman, distribusi alami, karakteristik jenis, dan pengukuran morfologi tumbuhan endemik yang telah terkoleksi. Informasi lainnya yang diperlukan yaitu kondisi habitat tumbuhan ketika dikoleksi di alam dan status keterancaman terkini. Hasil penapisan dan inventarisasi koleksi menunjukkan terdapat 16 jenis endemik famili Rubiaceae yang telah dikoleksi Kebun Raya Bogor dan hanya 0,99% dari total yang ada di Indonesia. Koleksi endemik dari famili Rubiaceae di KRB saat ini berjumlah 8 jenis dari 10 individu. Rekomendasi siklus manajemen koleksi endemik meliputi perencanaan, pemantauan, pengembangan, penilaian, umpan balik, dan perencanaan kembali sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan nilai konservasi ex situ dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini.

Bogor Botanic Garden is one of the ex situ conservation institutions that plays a role in maintaining and preventing the extinction of plant biodiversity, including collections of endemic plant species of Rubiaceae family in Indonesia. Endemic plants are vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and environmental changes after being introduced from natural to artificial habitats. This study aims to update data on collection conditions and compile recommendations for collection management cycles as an effort to increase the conservation value of the collection of plants endemic to Indonesia, especially the Rubiaceae family in the Bogor Botanic Garden. The methods used in this study are screening the plant collection database, literature study, and inventory of endemic plant collections by collecting data on plant age, natural distribution, species characteristics, and morphological measurements of endemic plants that have been collected. Other information needed is the condition of plant habitats when collected in nature and the latest threat status. The results of the screening and inventory of the collection show that there are 16 endemic species of the Rubiaceae family that have been collected by the Bogor Botanic Garden and only 0.99% of the total in Indonesia. The endemic collection of the Rubiaceae family in the BBG currently amounts to 8 species out of 10 individuals. Recommendations for the endemic collection management cycle including planning, monitoring, development, assessment, feedback, and replanning as an effort to enhance the value of ex situ conservation are described in this study.