Hubungan Konsumsi Kafein, Probiotik, Cairan, dan Serat terhadap Konstipasi pada Lansia

Abstract

Secara umum, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara asupan kafein, probiotik, cairan, dan serat dengan konstipasi pada lansia. Studi dilakukan pada lansia usia =60 tahun di wilayah Kabupaten Bogor. Mayoritas responden adalah perempuan (75,4%) pada kelompok usia 60–69 tahun (77,0%). Terdapat 41,0% subjek obesitas dan 21,3% memiliki berat badan berlebih. Subjek memiliki frekuensi tertinggi mengonsumsi makanan sumber serat berupa makanan pokok (4,77 ± 1,88 kali/per hari). Konsumsi probiotik pada lansia subjek masih sangat rendah. Jenis minuman berkafein yang paling sering dikonsumsi adalah kopi hitam (0,34 ± 0,66 kali/hari) dan teh hitam (0,29 ± 0,64 kali/hari). Tingkat kecukupan rata-rata cairan dan serat subjek masih rendah. Berdasarkan skor total Constipation Scoring System (CSS), terdapat 4,9% subjek yang mengalami konstipasi. Terdapat hubungan signifikan (p<0,05) antara frekuensi konsumsi makanan pokok dengan skor CSS, frekuensi konsumsi protein nabati dengan status konstipasi dan waktu BAB, persentase kecukupan serat dan cairan dengan riwayat konstipasi, kopi hitam terhadap kesulitan BAB atau mengejan saat BAB dan waktu BAB, konsumsi kopi instan dengan nyeri saat BAB dan skor CSS, serta konsumsi minuman cokelat kemasan, minuman energi, minuman bersoda, dengan konstipasi.

In general, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between caffeine, probiotic, fluid, and fiber intake with constipation among the elderly. The study was conducted among individuals aged =60 years in the Bogor Regency area. The majority of respondents were female (75.4%) and belonged to the 60–69 age group (77.0%). Among the subjects, 41.0% were obese and 21.3% were overweight. The highest frequency of fiber-rich food consumption came from staple foods (4.77 ± 1.88 times/day). Probiotic intake among the elderly subjects was notably low. The most frequently consumed caffeinated beverages were black coffee (0.34 ± 0.66 times/day) and black tea (0.29 ± 0.64 times/day). The average adequacy levels of fluid and fiber intake were still low. Based on the total score of the Constipation Scoring System (CSS), 4.9% of subjects experienced constipation. There were significant associations (p<0.05) between the frequency of staple food consumption and CSS score; frequency of plant-based protein consumption with constipation status and defecation duration; fiber and fluid adequacy percentages with constipation history; black coffee consumption with difficulty or straining during defecation and defecation duration; instant coffee consumption with pain during defecation and CSS score; and consumption of packaged chocolate drinks, energy drinks, and carbonated beverages with constipation.