Karakterisasi Sarang Lebah dan Tawon Soliter pada Bambu Bee Hotel di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Marihat, Sumatra Utara

Abstract

Serangga penyerbuk mengalami penurunan akibat perluasan pemukiman dan kebun kelapa sawit, diantaranya lebah dan tawon. Bee hotel dibuat sebagai konservasi kumpulan sarang lebah dan tawon soliter. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakterisasi sarang lebah dan tawon soliter menggunakan bambu. Metode yang digunakan pembuatan dan peletakkan bee hotel pada urban dan pembibitan kelapa sawit, pengamatan penutup lubang pada habitat, jenis bambu, diameter, dan jenis penutup lubang, koleksi bambu, lebah, dan tawon, identifikasi, dan analisis data. Sweep net dilakukan untuk menambah koleksi lebah dan tawon. Lebah dan tawon soliter bersarang sebanyak 43 bambu pada pembibitan kelapa sawit dan 11 bambu pada habitat urban. Bambu jalu memiliki jumlah penutup lubang bambu sebanyak 47 bambu. Diameter bambu terbanyak yang menjadi sarang yaitu 2,5 cm. Penutup lubang ditemukan jenis lumpur, resin, dan daun berturut-turut 40, 13, dan satu bambu. Lebah Xylocopa confusa dan X. latipes pada habitat urban dan pembibitan sawit menggunakan bee hotel. Tawon ditemukan pada urban Braconidae sp.1, dan kebun kelapa sawit Campsomeris asiatica, Rhynchium haemorrhoidale, dan Pompilidae sp. 1. Metode sweep net menangkap X. confusa, X. latipes, Vespa affinis, V. analis, Sphex ochropterus, dan Megascolia sp.1.

Pollinator insects, including bees and wasps, are declining due to the expansion of urban areas and oil palm plantations. Bee hotels serve as a conservation tool for solitary bee and wasp nests. This study aimed to characterize solitary bee and wasp nests using bamboo. Bee hotels were installed in urban areas and oil palm nurseries. Observations were conducted on nest entrances, bamboo species, diameter, and sealing material. Bamboo tubes, bees, and wasps were collected for identification and data analysis. Sweep netting was used to supplement specimen collection. A total of 43 bamboo tubes with nests were found in the oil palm nursery and 11 in the urban habitat. The jalu bamboo species had the highest number of sealed tubes (47). The most common nest diameter was 2.5 cm. Nest entrances were sealed with mud (40 tubes), resin (13), and leaves (1). Bee species Xylocopa confusa and X. latipes utilized bee hotels in both habitats. Wasp species found included Braconidae sp. 1 (urban), and Campsomeris asiatica, Rhynchium haemorrhoidale, and Pompilidae sp. 1 (nursery). Sweep netting also captured X. confusa, X. latipes, Vespa affinis, V. analis, Sphex ochropterus, and Megascolia sp. 1.