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      Analisis Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Kuning pada Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Azzahra, Anbiya
      Nuryati, Sri
      Widanarni
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      Abstract
      Penyakit kuning pada ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan salah satu masalah penting dalam budidaya karena berdampak pada performa pertumbuhan dan tingkat kematian pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifiksi jenis bakteri yang menjadi penyebab penyakit kuning pada ikan lele serta menganalisis tingkat keparahan gejala klinis berdasarkan skoring warna dan kondisi lingkungan budidaya. Isolat bakteri diperoleh dari ikan lele sakit yang ditemukan di lapangan kemudian dikultur pada media TSA. Identifikasi dilakukan melalui pengamatan morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, dan uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri dominan yang teridentifikasi adalah Aeromonas sp. yang ditemukan di seluruh organ dan lokasi budidaya yang diamati, serta menyebabkan gejala klinis paling parah (skor warna 3-4). Bakteri lain Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Alcaligenes sp., dan Pasteurella sp. juga ditemukan namun bersifat lebih oportunistik. Reinfeksi buatan menghasilkan gejala yang lebih ringan dibandingkan dengan ikan yang didapat dari lapangan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa infeksi di lapangan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan yang buruk. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air menunjukkan kadar total ammonia nitrogen melebihi ambang batas SNI (>0,1 mg/L) yang memperburuk kondisi imun ikan dan meningkatkan virulensi patogen. Dengan demikian, penyakit kuning pada ikan lele bersifat multifaktorial dan erat kaitannya dengan keberadaan Aeromonas sp. serta kualitas air yang tidak optimal.
       
      Yellow disease in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a significant issue in aquaculture due to its impact on growth performance and fish mortality rates. This study aimed to identify the bacterial species responsible for yellow disease in catfish and to analyze the severity of clinical symptoms based on color scoring and environmental conditions in aquaculture systems. Bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased catfish found in the field and cultured on Tryptic Soy Agar media. Identification was carried out through colony morphology observation, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The results showed that the dominant bacterium identified was Aeromonas sp., which was found in all organs and locations observed, and caused the most severe clinical symptoms (color scores 3–4). Other bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Pasteurella sp. were also detected but were more opportunistic in nature. Artificial reinfection produced milder symptoms compared to field samples, indicating that infections in the field are influenced by poor environmental conditions. Water quality measurements showed that total ammonia nitrogen levels exceeded the SNI threshold (>0.1 mg/L), which worsened fish immune status and increased pathogen virulence. Therefore, yellow disease in catfish is multifactorial and closely associated with the presence of Aeromonas sp. and suboptimal water quality.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166594
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      • UT - Aquaculture [2188]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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