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      Pendugaan Perubahan Luas Genangan Banjir Akibat Subsidensi Lahan Gambut Selama Satu Siklus Tanaman Sawit

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Ulhaq, Satria Dafa
      Risdiyanto, Idung
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      Abstract
      Lahan gambut merupakan ekosistem yang sangat sensitif, terutama ketika dikonversi menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Subsidensi lahan menjadi dampak dari permasalahan hidrologi pada lahan gambut yang dikonversi menjadi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penyebab dari subsidensi yaitu drainase dan dekomposisi bahan organik yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan risiko banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak akumulasi subsidensi sebesar 1 cm per tahun terhadap perubahan tinggi muka air efektif dan luas genangan banjir selama satu siklus tanam kelapa sawit selama 25 tahun di PT Jambi Batanghari Plantation (PT JBP). Analisis dilakukan dengan estimasi genangan banjir berbasis ambang batas dengan membandingkan data elevasi lahan dari DEMNAS dan tinggi muka air efektif yang diperoleh dari integrasi pengamatan muka air maksimum dan estimasi subsidensi. Simulasi spasial dilakukan menggunakan ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas genangan meningkat dari 706,41 ha (36,17%) pada tahun 2021 menjadi 1.113,56 ha (57,02%) pada tahun 2045. Analisis regresi menghasilkan koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,7531, yang menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat antara akumulasi subsidensi dan perluasan area banjir. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya mengintegrasikan estimasi subsidensi ke dalam strategi pengelolaan lahan dan air untuk mendukung budidaya kelapa sawit yang berkelanjutan di lahan gambut.
       
      Peatlands are highly sensitive ecosystems, particularly when converted into oil palm plantations. Land subsidence is a consequence of hydrological disturbances that occur when peatlands are transformed into plantation areas. The main causes of subsidence are drainage and the decomposition of organic matter, both of which significantly contribute to an increased risk of flooding. This study aims to analyze the impact of cumulative subsidence at a rate of 1 cm per year on changes in effective water level and flood inundation area over a 25-year oil palm cultivation cycle at PT Jambi Batanghari Plantation (PT JBP). The analysis was conducted using a threshold-based inundation estimation approach by comparing land elevation data from DEMNAS with effective water level, which was derived from integrating maximum water level observations and estimation subsidence. Spatial simulations were carried out using ArcGIS. The results show that the inundated area increased from 706.41 ha (36.17%) in 2021 to 1,113.56 ha (57.02%) in 2045. Regression analysis yielded a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.7531, indicating a strong relationship between cumulative subsidence and the expansion of flood areas. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating subsidence projections into land and water management strategies to support sustainable oil palm cultivation on peatlands.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166581
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      • UT - Geophysics and Meteorology [1718]

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