Strategi Pengelolaan Lanskap Pulau Kecil yang Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus di Pulau Pasaran Kota Bandar Lampung.

Abstract

Small islands are inherently vulnerable to both natural and anthropogenic threats. Natural hazards include sea level rise, sedimentation, and accretion, while human-induced threats stem from intensive resource exploitation and uncontrolled land use. Pulau Pasaran, a small inhabited island in Bandar Lampung with an area of 12.02 hectares, exemplifies these challenges. The island is characterized by densely populated informal settlements, annual flooding, high social vulnerability, ambiguous legal frameworks, and unclear institutional mandates. These conditions necessitate a bottom-up landscape management strategy based on a comprehensive understanding of existing problems. This study aimed to develop a sustainable landscape master plan and management strategy for Pulau Pasaran, aligned with SDGs 13 (Climate Action), 15 (Life on Land), and 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). A comprehensive assessment was undertaken, covering ecological, social, and economic inventories; disaster risk analysis related to sea level rise and shoreline changes from 2013 to 2033; and landscape carrying capacity evaluation. Community perception was assessed using Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA), while stakeholder engagement was facilitated through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The master plan was developed using SWOT and probabilistic analysis, sustainability was evaluated using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS), and priority strategies were determined using the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Pulau Pasaran is predominantly built-up (70%) and relies heavily on fisheries and fish processing. The population demonstrates high dependency on marine resources. Approximately 55% of respondents emphasized the importance of disaster risk reduction, yet gaps remain in spatial data, disaster education, and waste management. Disparities were also found in aquaculture practices and dock governance. Although tidal data shows relative stability, coastal dynamics remain significant, with alternating trends of sedimentation and accretion. The island exhibits promising physical potential, with 78.80% of its area having high water availability and relatively stable soil conditions. However, it suffers from low waste absorption capacity, limited land-carrying capacity (827 individuals), and a low ecological support index (0.601), rendering it insufficient to sustain its high population density. In general, small inhabited islands across Indonesia share similar vulnerabilities: limited ecological capacity, intense anthropogenic pressure, and high exposure to climate and coastal hazards. Consequently, small island management must balance environmental capacity with human spatial needs through adaptive landscape approaches, spatial efficiency, infrastructure improvements, and sustainable resource conservation. Pulau Pasaran falls within SWOT Quadrant I, indicating strong potential for diversification strategies. Nonetheless, the implementation of its master plan faces high risks, particularly in relation to relocation, technology adoption, and funding. Proposed solutions include transparent dialogue, fair compensation, and diversified funding sources. Three population-based scenarios were developed with a focus on ecological capacity, climate mitigation, and green space requirements. The "Modern Fishing Village" concept was introduced to respond to climate change. Following the implementation of the optimal scenario, the sustainability index improved from 33.04 to 51.91. Key management priorities include innovative financing, land use efficiency, and investment in technology. The complexity of small island landscape management in Indonesi exemplified by Pulau Pasaran reflects broader ecological, social, and economic challenges. Overpopulation on small islands intensifies anthropogenic pressure, which undermines ecological functions. Sedimentation and accretion resulting from sea level rise and riverine activity demonstrate that shoreline change is a dynamic process with direct impacts on coastal settlements. Fluctuating sedimentation patterns confirm that static planning is insufficient; instead, spatial prediction and disaster mitigation scenarios are required. Gaps between public expectations and the realities of disaster security, infrastructure, and information access highlight the need to strengthen community capacity through disaster literacy, governance transparency, and improved public facilities. Given spatial limitations, multifunctional land use—such as integrating residential, fisheries, and conservation functions—offers an efficient and adaptive solution, while also strengthening economic resilience through productive land optimization. The small island master plan emphasizes the critical need for innovative financing models, including public-private partnerships, community-based financing, and CSR fund utilization. High financial and technological barriers can be overcome through cross-sector collaboration and phased implementation. Scenario-based planning should be adopted nationally across small islands, enabling the selection of feasible and context-sensitive strategies. Sustainability assessments must be conducted using multidimensional criteria, encompassing ecological, social, economic, and institutional dimensions. Up-to-date and integrated spatial, social, and ecological databases are essential foundations for policy formulation and decision-making. Landscape planning must be grounded in environmental carrying capacity and risk anticipation for long-term threats such as sea level rise, sedimentation, accretion, and climate change. Establishing a dedicated small island management unit at the regional level is recommended to integrate marine, settlement, and environmental sectors within a unified and sustainable governance system. Adaptive and transdisciplinary approaches should serve as the core foundation for comprehensive small island landscape management in Indonesia.