Distribusi Spasial Hard Coral di Perairan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

Abstract

Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu (TNKpS) merupakan kawasan konservasi dengan sistem zonasi yang mencakup zona inti, perlindungan, pemanfaatan I, dan pemanfaatan II untuk mendukung pengelolaan sumber daya alam secara berkelanjutan, pelestarian ekosistem, dan pengembangan wisata Bahari. Salah satu ekosistem penting di TNKpS adalah terumbu karang yang memiliki peran ekologis signifikan namun mengalami penurunan tutupan akibat faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, kedalaman, dan sedimentasi, sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan berbasis data untuk mempertahankan biodiversitas dan fungsi ekologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan komposisi bentik, bentuk pertumbuhan (lifeform) karang keras, sebaran genus karang keras, dan persentase tutupannya berdasarkan kedalaman dan zonasi di perairan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) dengan luas area minimal bidang pemotretan adalah 2552 cm2 atau (58 x 44) cm2 (Giyanto et al. 2014). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak CPCe dan didukung analisis statistik non-parametrik. Hasil menunjukkan bentik di seluruh zona termasuk dalam kategori sedang pada rentang (25 % - 49,9 %) yang didominasi kategori Abiotic di kedalaman 5 m (33,94%) dan kedalaman 9 m (42,96%) dan Dead Coral with Algae (DCA) di kedalaman 5 m (29,48%) dan kedalaman 9 m (27,33%) sedangkan tutupan Hard Coral kedalaman 5 m (28,36%) dan kedalaman 9 m (18,88%). Komposisi lifeform hard coral menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan berdasarkan kedalaman dengan kedalaman 5 m didominasi lifeform Coral Branching (4,35%) dan Acropora Branching (5,52%), sedangkan kedalaman 9 m didominasi lifeform Coral Encrusting (3,94%) dan Coral Foliose (5,06%), Lifeform lainnya yaitu Coral Massive mendominasi di seluruh zona pada kedalaman 5 m (6,46%) dan 9 m (4,06%). Genus karang keras terdapat pengaruh signifikan dengan adanya perbedaan zona.

The Seribu Islands National Park (TNKpS) is a conservation area with a zonation system that includes core, protection, utilization I, and utilization II zones to support the sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystem preservation, and the development of marine tourism. One of the key ecosystems in TNKpS is the coral reef, which plays a significant ecological role but has experienced a decline in cover due to environmental factors such as temperature, depth, and sedimentation. Therefore, data-based management is required to maintain its biodiversity and ecological functions. This study aims to determine the composition of benthic communities, the growth forms (lifeforms) of hard corals, the distribution of hard coral genera, and their cover percentages based on depth and zoning in the waters of the Seribu Islands National Park. Data collection was carried out using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method, with a minimum photo frame area of 2552 cm² or (58 x 44) cm² (Giyanto et al. 2014). The data obtained were then analyzed using CPCe software, supported by non-parametric statistical analysis. The results showed that the benthic cover across all zones fell into the moderate category, ranging from (25% to 49,9%), dominated by Abiotic components at 5 m depth (33,94%) and 9 m depth (42,96%), and Dead Coral with Algae (DCA) at 5 m (29,48%) and 9 m (27,33%). Meanwhile, Hard Coral cover was (28,36%) at 5 m and (18,88%) at 9 m depth. The composition of hard coral lifeforms showed significant differences based on depth, where 5 m depth was dominated by Coral Branching (4,35%) and Acropora Branching (5,52%), while 9 m depth was dominated by Coral Encrusting (3,94%) and Coral Foliose (5,06%). Another lifeform, Coral Massive, dominated across all zones at both 5 m (6,46%) and 9 m (4,06%) depths. The distribution of hard coral genera also showed significant differences based on zonation.