Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi Ibu, Pola Asuh Makan, Dan Status Gizi Dengan Picky Eating Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah Di Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Masa prasekolah merupakan masa keemasan (golden age) dimana stimulasi seluruh aspek perkembangan berperan penting. Perkembangan pada anak prasekolah mencakup perkembangan motorik, personal sosial dan bahasa. Masalah makan yang sering dialami oleh anak pra sekoalah salah satunya adalah perilaku picky eating atau pilih-pilih makanan. Picky eating ataupun sikap pilih-pilih makanan dimana seseorang hanya ingin mengonsumsi jenis makanan tertentu dan menolak makanan lainnya, biasanya karena alasan rasa, tekstur, atau penampilan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan dan hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola asuh makan dan status gizi dengan picky eating pada anak usia prasekolah di Kabupaten Bogor. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan subjek sebanyak 80 anak yang terdiri dari 5 sekolah Pendidikan usia Dini (PAUD) yang berada di Kabupaten Bogor, sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, wawancara, serta pengukuran antropometri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pekerjaan ibu (p<0,05) dan hasil uji spearman menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola asuh makan, status gizi dan tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi makro dengan picky eating.

The pre-school period is a golden age where stimulation of all aspects of development plays an important role. Development in pre-school children includes motoric, personal, social and language development. One of the eating problems often experienced by pre-school children is picky eating behavior or being picky about food. Picky eating or a person's picky eating attitude where they only want to eat certain types of food and reject other foods, usually for reasons of taste, texture or appearance food. This study aims to analyze the differences and relationships between maternal nutritional knowledge, parenting patterns and nutritional status with picky eating in pre-school age children in Bogor Regency. The research design was cross sectional with subjects of 80 children consisting of 5 Early Childhood Education (PAUD) schools in Bogor Regency, samples were taken using the purposive sampling method. Data collection was carried out through filling out questionnaires, interviews, and anthropometric measurements. Based on the result of the study, there were significant differences in maternal occupation (p<0.05) and the results of the spearman test showed that there was no significan relationship (p<0.05) between maternal nutritional knowledge, parenting patterns, nutritional status and energy and macronutrient adequacy levels with picky eating.