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      Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza dan Fosfat Alam terhadap Sifat Kimia Latosol Dramaga

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Yusra, Arwani Maulida
      Indriyati, Lilik Tri
      Nugroho, Budi
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      Abstract
      Produktivitas tanaman untuk sektor pertanian dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan, salah satunya adalah degradasi tanah dan rendahnya kesuburan tanah. Latosol memiliki sebaran yang luas dan umumnya ditemukan di daerah tropis dengan curah hujan tinggi seperti Indonesia, memiliki tingkat kesuburan rendah, bersifat masam, serta memiliki ketersediaan fosfor (P) yang terbatas akibat fiksasi oleh ion besi (Fe³?) dan aluminium (Al³?). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah Latosol guna mendukung produktivitas tanaman secara optimal. Fosfat alam sebagai sumber fosfor yang ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan, memiliki kelarutan yang rendah, sehingga pemanfaatannya terbatas. Penggunaan fosfat alam bersamaan dengan pupuk hayati mikoriza berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan fosfor sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman. Mikoriza berperan dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfor dengan menghasilkan enzim fosfatase dan asam organik yang membantu pelarutan P dalam tanah dan peningkatan hara lainnya. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yang masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk hayati mikoriza (H) dan faktor kedua yaitu fosfat alam (P) dengan masing-masing terdapat tiga taraf. Perlakuan yang diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi sifat kimia tanah yaitu pH, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, P-total, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), K-dd, Mg-dd, Ca-dd dan Al-dd. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikoriza dapat meningkatkan sifat kimia Latosol dengan peningkatan pH, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, KTK, K-dd dan penurunan Al-dd. Interaksi antara pupuk hayati mikoriza dengan fosfat alam dapat meningkatkan P-total tanah.
       
      Crop productivity in the agricultural sector faces various challenges, one of which is soil degradation and low soil fertility. Latosol are widely distributed and commonly found in tropical areas with high rainfall such as Indonesia, generally have low fertility, is acidic, and have limited phosphorus (P) availability due to fixation by iron (Fe³?) and aluminum (Al³?) ions. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase the fertility of Latosol soil to optimize crop productivity. Rock Phosphate (RP), as an affordable and environmentally phosphorus source, has low solubility, limiting its utilization. The use of RP together with mycorrhizal biofertilizer has the potential to increase phosphorus absorption efficiency, thereby improving plant growth and productivity. Mycorrhizae play a role in increasing phosphorus availability by producing phosphatase enzymes and organic acids that help in the dissolve P in the soil and increase orther nutrients. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, each repeated three times. The first factor was mycorrhizal biofertilizer (H) and the second factor was rock phosphate (P), each with three levels. The treatments applied to evaluate the chemical properties of the soil including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable alumunium. The results of the study indicate that mycorrhizae can improve the chemical properties of Latosol soil by increasing pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable potassium and decreasing exchangeable alumunium. The interaction between mycorrhizal biofertilizers and Rock Phosphate (RP) can increase total phosphorus of the soil.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165771
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2822]

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