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      Optimasi Pengelolaan Perikanan Bagan Congkel (Lift Net) di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Kalianda, Lampung Selatan

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Raharjo, Prafio Tazanesda
      Imron, Mohammad
      Yusfiandayani, Roza
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      Abstract
      Kalianda menjadi pusat aktivitas perikanan dan pusat pemerintahan. Kegiatan perikanan tangkap wilayah Kalianda dilakukan di perairan Teluk Lampung. Setiap wilayah yang dimanfaatkan untuk usaha penangkapan ikan perlu diketahui jumlah potensinya yang ada di wilayah tersebut agar sumber daya ikan tetap lestari. Perlunya pengelolaan secara aspek biologi, teknis, dan finansial untuk memudahkan dalam perhitungan optimasi penambahan atau pengurangan suatu alat tangkap agar potensi perikanan dikelola secara maksimal. Letaknya yang strategis serta panjangnya garis pantai menjadi faktor yang mendukung tinggi produksi ikan setiap tahunnya. Sebanyak 13 bagan congkel beroperasi pada tahun 2023 dan terus mengalami penurunan serta peningkatan jumlah armada penangkapan. Kondisi ini memerlukan optimasi dan strategi pengelolaan unit penangkapan yang tepat agar keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan kelestarian sumber daya ikan dapat terjaga. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk menemukan solusi terkait pengaturan jumlah unit penangkapan, strategi pengembangan dan pengelolaan alat tangkap bagan congkel di PPI Kalianda, agar kegiatan penangkapan ikan dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan nelayan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung aspek biologi dan teknis unit penangkapan bagan congkel, menghitung kelayakan finansial unit penangkapan bagan congkel, menentukan alokasi optimal unit penangkapan bagan congkel, menentukan skenario pengembangan unit perikanan bagan congkel. Aspek biologi, teknis dan kelayakan finansial mengklasifikasikan ukuran unit menjadi 2 yaitu ukuran 11-20 GT (6 unit) dan 21-30 GT (24 unit). Metode purposive sampling digunakan kepada 30 nelayan bagan congkel kemudian dianalisis dengan aspek biologi, aspek teknis, aspek kelayakan finansial, Model linear programming (LP), dan model sistem dinamis. Skenario yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat membantu menentukan strategi pengelolaan jumlah unit penangkapan optimal yang mampu menjaga keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan hilangnya sumber daya ikan di PPI Kalianda. Analisis biologi dan kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bagan congkel ukuran 11-20 GT lebih unggul. Pada aspek teknis, ukuran 21-30 memiliki nilai yang lebih baik dari pada ukuran 11-20. Perhitungan tentang gambaran nilai manfaat yang diperolah setelah dilakukan pengembangan dianalisis dengan sistem dinamis. Ada dua skenario yang disimulasikan berdasarkan effort optimum yaitu penambahan kapal 10% dan penambahan kapal 20% setiap tahunnya. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kapal 20% menjadi 53 unit menghasilkan nilai manfaat sebesar Rp24.250.480.294 (meningkat 519%) dari nilai manfaat saat ini dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun (2035).
       
      Kalianda is the center of fisheries activities and the center of government. Capture fisheries activities in Kalianda region are conducted in the waters of Lampung Bay. Every area that is utilized for fishing business needs to know the amount of potential that exists in the area so that fish resources remain sustainable. The need for management in biological, technical, and financial aspects to facilitate the calculation of optimization of the addition or reduction of a fishing gear so that the potential of fisheries is managed optimally. Its strategic location and the length of the coastline are factors that support high fish production each year. A total of 13 bagan congkel operated in 2023 and continued to experience a decline and increase in the number of fishing fleets. This condition requires optimization and appropriate fishing unit management strategies so that the balance between utilization and sustainability of fish resources can be maintained. Therefore, this research needs to be conducted to find solutions related to the regulation of the number of fishing units, development strategies and management of bagan congkel fishing gear at PPI Kalianda, so that fishing activities can be carried out sustainably and improve the welfare of local fishermen. This research aims to calculate the biological and technical aspects of the congkel bagan fishing unit, calculate the financial feasibility of the congkel bagan fishing unit, determine the optimal allocation of the congkel bagan fishing unit, determine the development scenario of the congkel bagan fishing unit. Biological, technical and financial feasibility aspects classify the size of the unit into 2, namely 11-20 GT (6 units) and 21-30 GT (24 units). The purposive sampling method was used for 30 fishermen of bagan congkel and then analyzed with biological aspects, technical aspects, financial feasibility aspects, linear programming (LP) models, and dynamic system models. The resulting scenario is expected to help determine the management strategy of the optimal number of fishing units that can maintain the balance between the utilization and loss of fish resources in PPI Kalianda. The biological and financial feasibility analysis shows that lift-net fishing units (bagan congkel) with a size of 11–20 GT are superior. In terms of technical aspects, the 21–30 GT size category performs better than the 11–20 GT category. The assessment of the potential benefits gained from the development was analyzed using a system dynamics approach. Two scenarios were simulated based on the optimal fishing effort, namely an annual increase of vessels by 10% and an annual increase by 20%. The simulation results show that a 20% annual increase, reaching 53 vessels, would generate a total benefit of IDR 24,250,480,294, representing a 519% increase from the current benefit value over a period of 10 years.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/164311
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      • MT - Fisheries [3193]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository