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      Efisiensi dan Determinan Ekspor Rempah-Rempah Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Ardini, Maya Aulia
      Ahmad, Fahmi Salam
      Amaliah, Syarifah
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      Abstract
      Ekspor rempah-rempah Indonesia merupakan bagian penting dari perdagangan nonmigas, namun menunjukkan tren fluktuatif dan belum mencerminkan potensi maksimalnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi dan determinan ekspor rempah-rempah Indonesia ke sebelas negara tujuan utama selama 2012–2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model (SFGM), yang mampu mengukur pengaruh variabel ekonomi sekaligus menilai efisiensi ekspor dibandingkan batas maksimumnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa GDP riil Indonesia, nilai tukar riil, dan jarak ekonomi berpengaruh negatif terhadap ekspor, sedangkan GDP negara tujuan dan government effectiveness berpengaruh positif. Rata-rata efisiensi ekspor hanya sebesar 54,17%. India memiliki efisiensi tertinggi (88,20%), sedangkan Jepang terendah (5,39%). Sementara itu, variabel dummy COVID-19 tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi ekspor Indonesia perlu diarahkan pada peningkatan efisiensi, diversifikasi pasar, dan penguatan daya saing logistik untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja ekspor rempah.
       
      Indonesia’s spice exports are an important component of the country’s non oil trade, yet they have shown fluctuating trends and have not reflected their full potential. This study aims to analyze the efficiency and determinants of Indonesia’s spice exports to eleven major destination countries during the period 2012-2023. The method used is the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model (SFGM), which allows for simultaneous estimation of economic variables’ effects and the assessment of export efficiency relative to its maximum potential. The results indicate that Indonesia’s real GDP, real exchange rate, and economic distance negatively affect exports, while the partner countries’ GDP and government effectiveness have a positive impact. The average export efficiency is only 54.17%, with India recording the highest efficiency (88.20%) and Japan the lowest (5.39%). Meanwhile, the COVID-19 dummy variable does not show a statistically significant effect. These findings suggest that Indonesia’s export strategy should focus on improving efficiency, diversifying export markets, and strengthening logistics competitiveness to optimize spice export performance.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/164272
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3209]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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