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      Tinjauan Hipotesis Kuznets dan Dampak Transformasi Struktural terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Beberapa Negara ASEAN

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Sembiring, Eunike Novelia
      Ahmad, Fahmi Salam
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      Abstract
      Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pendapatan merupakan dua dari sejumlah indikator utama dalam menilai keberhasilan pembangunan suatu negara. Berdasarkan hipotesis Kuznets, ketimpangan pendapatan cenderung meningkat pada tahap awal pembangunan, namun akan menurun seiring dengan kemajuan ekonomi dan meningkatnya mobilitas modal serta tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, struktur sektor ekonomi, dan ketimpangan pendapatan di negara-negara ASEAN. Negaranegara tersebut adalah Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura dan Thailand. Data yang digunakan berupa data deret waktu, dengan periode disesuaikan berdasarkan ketersediaan masing-masing negara. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis Kuznets terbukti di Indonesia dan Singapura. Selain itu, pangsa sektor jasa memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan (rasio Gini) di Indonesia dalam jangka panjang. Implikasi dari hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa transformasi struktural yang tidak diarahkan secara inklusif berpotensi memperbesar ketimpangan pendapatan meskipun terjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi.
       
      Economic growth and income inequality are two of the main indicators in assessing the success of a country's development. Based on the Kuznets hypothesis, income inequality tends to increase in the early stages of development, but will decrease with economic progress and increased mobility of capital and labor. This study aims to analyze the relationship between economic growth, economic sector structure, and income inequality in ASEAN countries. The countries are Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The data used is time series data, with the period adjusted based on the availability of each country. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that Kuznets hypothesis is proven in Indonesia and Singapore. In addition, service sector share has a positive and significant influence on income inequality (Gini ratio) in Indonesia in the long run. The implication of this analysis is that structural transformation that is not inclusively directed has the potential to increase income inequality despite economic growth.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/164268
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3209]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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