Pengelolaan Pencemaran Estuari Teluk Banten Berbasiskan Status Kesehatan Perairan: Indikator Utama Nutrien dan Zooplankton.

Abstract

Teluk Banten merupakan kawasan pesisir yang mengalami tekanan akibat aktivitas antropogenik, sehingga memengaruhi kondisi ekosistem perairan serta struktur dan kelimpahan komunitas zooplankton. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas zooplankton sebagai indikator kualitas lingkungan perairan. Pengambilan data dilakukan di 19 stasiun pengamatan pada Juli, Agustus, dan Oktober 2024, mencakup muara sungai (Berung, Cibanten, dan Pamong) serta perairan laut Teluk Banten. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas air (suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, amonia, nitrat, nitrit, ortofosfat) dan kelimpahan zooplankton. Sebanyak 30 genera dan 1 stadia berhasil diidentifikasi, dengan kelimpahan 22,31– 1760,81 ind/L, didominasi Copepoda (65,01%) dan stadia Nauplius. Distribusi zooplankton dan nutrien dianalisis secara spasial menggunakan perangkat lunak Surfer 16 (Golden Software). Berdasarkan hasil analisis komponen utama (PCA), dominasi zooplankton cenderung terjadi di perairan terbuka dengan salinitas dan kejernihan tinggi, yang mencakup 92,71% variasi data. Secara umum, perairan Teluk Banten masih mampu mendukung kehidupan zooplankton.

Banten Bay is a coastal area experiencing pressure from anthropogenic activities, which affect the aquatic ecosystem condition as well as the structure and abundance of zooplankton communities. This study aims to analyze the structure of zooplankton communities as an indicator of aquatic environmental quality. Data collection was conducted at 19 observation stations in July, August, and October 2024, covering river estuaries (Berung, Cibanten, and Pamong) and the marine waters of Banten Bay. Observed parameters included water quality (temperature, salinity, transparency, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate) and zooplankton abundance. A total of 30 genera and 1 stadia were identified, with an abundance range of 22.31–1760.81 ind/L, dominated by Copepoda (65.01%) and Nauplius stage. The spatial distribution of zooplankton and nutrients was analyzed using Surfer 16 (Golden Software). Based on the results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), zooplankton dominance tends to occur in open waters with high salinity and transparency, accounting for 92.71% of the data variation. In general, the waters of Banten Bay remain capable of supporting zooplankton life.