Pengaruh Pergantian Air dan Filtrasi dalam RAS terhadap Kualitas Air, Konsumsi Air dan Energi, serta Biaya Operasional Budidaya Ikan Grass Carp

Abstract

Kebutuhan akan sistem budidaya ikan yang efisien dan hemat air mendorong pengembangan recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), yang menghemat 90–99 % air dibandingkan metode konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sistem filtrasi dan variasi pergantian air dalam RAS terhadap kualitas air, konsumsi air dan energi, serta biaya operasional pada budidaya ikan Grass Carp. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan: pergantian air 25 %, pergantian air 50 %, dan sistem filtrasi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas air, konsumsi air dan energi, serta biaya operasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem filtrasi lebih efektif dibandingkan metode pergantian air dalam mempertahankan kualitas air, menghemat sumber daya, dan menekan biaya operasional. Sistem ini mengurangi konsumsi air hingga 80 % dan biaya operasional tahunan terendah sebesar Rp11.456.919,00, lebih hemat dibandingkan pergantian air 25 % dan 50 %. Secara teknis, sistem filtrasi mengurangi ketergantungan pada pergantian air dan lebih efisien meskipun memerlukan energi tambahan. Dengan efisiensi air yang signifikan dan kualitas air yang stabil, sistem ini lebih ekonomis dan berkelanjutan.

The need for an efficient and water-saving fish farming system prompted the development of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), which saves 90-99 % water compared to conventional methods. This study aimed to determine the effect of filtration system and water turnover variation in RAS on water quality, water and energy consumption, and operational costs in Grass Carp aquaculture. The study was conducted with three treatments: 25 % water turnover, 50 % water turnover, and filtration system. Parameters observed included water quality, water and energy consumption, and operational costs. The results showed that the filtration system was more effective than the water change method in maintaining water quality, saving resources, and reducing operational costs. The system reduced water consumption by 80 % and the lowest annual operating cost was Rp11,456,919, which is more efficient than water changes of 25 % and 50 %. Technically, the filtration system reduces reliance on water changes and is more efficient despite requiring additional energy. With significant water efficiency and stable water quality, the system is more economical and sustainable.