Strategi Adaptasi Nelayan terhadap Dampak Perubahan Iklim (Kasus: Desa Pantai Bahagia, Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Bekasi, Jawa Barat)

Abstract

Perubahan iklim berdampak signifikan terhadap kehidupan nelayan di Desa Pantai Bahagia, Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Bekasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi adaptasi nelayan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim berdasarkan karakteristik sosial nelayan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan kuesioner kepada 45 nelayan dan didukung dengan data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta analisis data dengan uji korelasi rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nelayan menyadari dampak perubahan iklim, seperti kenaikan permukaan laut, akresi, dan perubahan pola musim, tetapi sebagian besar masih bergantung pada alam dalam beradaptasi. Strategi adaptasi yang umum dilakukan meliputi perubahan daerah tangkap, pemanfaatan jejaring sosial, dan diversifikasi alat tangkap, sedangkan diversifikasi pendapatan dan mobilisasi anggota keluarga masih rendah. Uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara karakteristik sosial nelayan dengan strategi adaptasi nelayan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas nelayan melalui pelatihan, akses terhadap modal, dan kebijakan adaptasi yang lebih komprehensif.

Climate change has a significant impact on the lives of fishermen in Pantai Bahagia Village, Muara Gembong District, Bekasi. This study aims to analyze the adaptation strategies of fishermen to the impacts of climate change based on the social characteristics of fishermen. The research used quantitative methods with questionnaires to 45 fishermen and was supported by qualitative data through in-depth interviews, observations, and data analysis with the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that fishermen are aware of the impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise, akresi, and changes in seasonal patterns, but most still rely on traditional methods in adapting. Common adaptation strategies include changes in fishing grounds, utilization of social networks, and diversification of fishing gear, while income diversification and mobilization of family members are still low. Correlation tests showed a weak and insignificant relationship between social characteristics and fishermen's adaptation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the capacity of fishermen through training, access to capital, and more comprehensive adaptation policies.