Model Penyediaan Energi Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Angin-Surya OffGrid Yang Berkelanjutan, Studi Kasus: Pantai Baru, Yogyakarta

Abstract

This research began by evaluating the optimal location to build an Off-Grid Wind-Solar Power Plant (PLT) in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used in site selection, taking into account several important criteria such as wind speed, solar radiation, rainfall, altitude, land slope, and distance from beaches and rivers. The optimal location map is then visualized using the Quantum Geographics Information System (QGIS). The results of the study succeeded in identifying the best locations that are not only technically efficient, but also have good operational prospects in the long term. In addition, the study also developed a more efficient wind turbine blade with the SG6043 profile, which is designed to significantly improve the performance of wind turbines in the Pantai Baru area. On the solar energy generation side, the research chose monocrystalline solar panels because of their high conversion efficiency and durability. Although the initial cost of this panel is more expensive than the polycrystalline type. The thing that also needs to be considered is the angle of inclination of the installation of solar panels at the Pantai Baru location. The study also included a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis to assess the environmental impact of the Wind-Solar Power Plant in Pantai Baru. LCA covers the entire life cycle, from component production, installation, to operation and maintenance, providing a comprehensive picture of the sustainability of these systems. The environmental impacts identified in the LCA help provide important insights for future improvements. Along with the increasing demand for electricity in the Pantai Baru area, the construction of this Wind-Solar Power Plant is projected to contribute significantly to the energy supply in the area, which supports households, the local economy, and public infrastructure. From a financial point of view, the unit capital cost of this PLT is IDR 51,377,181. - per kW, which is influenced by the cost of components, installation, and additional infrastructure. However, the postinvestment operation and maintenance costs are quite low, around Rp 1,303. - per kWh, which shows the efficiency in system management. This study also calculates the electricity tariff that has been implemented, which is Rp 50.99 per kWh, which is still far below the electricity selling price set by the government, Rp 3,750 per kWh. This shows the need for policies or subsidies to ensure the financial sustainability of this PLT in the future. Despite the energy potential of the large combination of wind and solar, the total efficiency of this system is still relatively low, only about 29.44%. To improve efficiency, the adoption of more advanced technologies, better maintenance, and optimization of operational management are required. In terms of economic sustainability, the total annual income from this PLT reaches IDR 85,390,000 (existing) to IDR 136,390,000 (with a maximum Willingness to Pay value). However, with a total employee salary of Rp 117,600,000 per year, efforts are needed to increase income, such as through water contributions and ice sales, as well as diversification of other sources of income. Furthermore, the research develops a dynamic system model using Powersim simulation software. This model allows the simulation of different scenarios and helps predict the impact of variable changes on the performance and sustainability of the system. As part of the recommendations, this study proposes several policies to support the sustainability of Off-Grid Wind-Solar Power Plants in Pantai Baru: Competitive Electricity Tariff Policy: The need to review electricity tariffs to reduce disparity with the government's electricity selling price, as well as support in the form of subsidies or fiscal incentives to cover operational costs. Diversification of Revenue Sources: The importance of exploring additional sources of income, such as providing new services or improving operational efficiency to reduce costs. Local Capacity Development: Training and capacity building of local operators to ensure good long-term management and maintenance of the system. Continuous Monitoring and Evaluation: The use of a technology-based monitoring system that allows for early detection of problems and continuous evaluation, which will help maintain the sustainability of the system in the long term. Collaboration with the Private Sector and Government: The importance of collaboration between the public, private, and local communities to provide the financial and technical support needed for the effective operation of these PLTs. Overall, this study concludes that Off-Grid Wind-Solar Power Plants in Pantai Baru have great potential as a renewable energy model in Indonesia. Despite the challenges in terms of efficiency and finance, with the right strategies and policies, these PLTs can be economically viable projects and provide significant social and environmental benefits. The developed dynamic model also offers an effective tool for policymakers to design and optimize similar projects in other locations with equal potential.