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      Kebijakan Hilirisasi dan Kinerja Ekspor Komoditas Besi dan Baja Indonesia

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Prins, Muh. Fahmi Adriansyah
      Mulatsih, Sri
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      Abstract
      Kebijakan hilirisasi industri besi dan baja menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara eksportir besi dan baja terbesar di dunia. Akan tetapi, nilai ekspor komoditas besi dan baja Indonesia masih mengalami tren fluktuatif dan menurun pada tahun 2023 yang juga diikuti dengan tingginya dominasi ekspor ke negara Tiongkok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daya saing ekspor besi dan baja Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah kebijakan hilirisasi diberlakukan serta dampak kebijakan hilirisasi dan determinan lainnya terhadap nilai ekspor besi dan baja Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah RCA, RSCA, EPD, X–Model, dan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan daya saing ekspor komoditas besi dan baja Indonesia setelah dilakukannya kebijakan hilirisasi meski demikian daya saing tersebut masih lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan negara kompetitor lainnya. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa dummy kebijakan hilirisasi dan GDP riil negara tujuan memiliki pengaruh positif sementara nilai tukar riil dan tarif impor memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap nilai ekspor besi dan baja Indonesia.
       
      The downstream policy in the iron and steel commodity has positioned Indonesia as one of the largest exporters of iron and steel in the world. However, the export value of Indonesia's iron and steel commodities still shows fluctuating trends and a decline in 2023, accompanied by a high dominance of exports to China. The aim of this study is to analyze the export competitiveness of Indonesia's iron and steel commodities before and after the downstream policy was implemented, as well as the impact of this policy and other determinants on the value of Indonesia's iron and steel exports. The analytical methods used RCA, RSCA, EPD, X–Model, and panel data regression. The analysis results show an improvement in the competitiveness of Indonesia's iron and steel exports after the downstream policy was implemented; however, this competitiveness remains lower compared to other competitor countries. The panel data regression results show that the downstream policy dummy and the real GDP of the destination country have a positive impact, while the real exchange rate and import tariffs have a negative impact on Indonesia's iron and steel export value.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/161448
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3209]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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