Uji Daya Hasil Galur-Galur Sorgum IPB untuk Biomassa dan Bioetanol

Abstract

Sorgum umumnya digunakan untuk bahan pangan namun berpotensi sangat baik sebagai sumber bahan baku bioetanol. Pengembangan varietas sorgum dengan volume nira yang tinggi diarahkan untuk mendapatkan varietas yang sesuai sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi keragaan karakter agronomi, biomassa, nilai brix dan volume nira, serta mengidentifikasi galur yang memiliki potensi tinggi untuk biomassa dan bioetanol. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga September 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (IP2TP), Muara, Bogor. Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah 36 galur sorgum IPB dan enam varietas pembanding. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah augmented faktor tunggal. Genotipe yang diuji sebanyak 36 galur tanpa ulangan dan enam varietas pembanding diulang sebanyak empat kali. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot batang (basah dan kering), bobot daun basah, bobot biomassa basah, potensi bobot biomassa basah, brix dan volume nira. Nilai heritabilitas genotipe uji berkisar antara 4,28% hingga 67,77%. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa volume nira berkorelasi dan positif terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot batang (basah dan kering), bobot daun (basah dan kering), serta bobot biomassa (basah dan kering). Terdapat sepuluh galur sorgum yang berpotensi menghasilkan biomassa dan volume nira yang tinggi.

Sorghum is generally used as food, but has very good potential as a source of raw material for bioethanol. The development of sorghum varieties with high sap volume is aimed at obtaining varieties that are suitable as raw materials for bioethanol. This study aims to obtain information on the performance of agronomic characters, biomass, Brix value and sap volume, and identify lines with high potential as biomass and bioethanol. The study was conducted from June to September 2024 at the Experimental Garden of the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP), Muara, Bogor. The genetic material used was 36 IPB sorghum lines and six comparison varieties. The experimental design used was a single factor completely randomized design. The genotypes tested were 36 lines without replication and six comparison varieties that were repeated four times. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype significantly effect on plant height, stem weight (wet and dry), leaf wet weight, wet biomass weight, potential wet biomass weight, brix and sap volume. The heritability values of the test genotypes ranged from 4.28% to 67.77%. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the volume of sap was positively correlated with plant height, number of leaves, stem weight (wet and dry), leaf weight (wet and dry), and biomass weight (wet and dry). Ten lines of sorghum have the potential to produce high biomass and sap volume.