Studi Profil Hematologi dan Biokimia Darah Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) pada Beberapa Kelompok Umur

Abstract

Macaca nemestrina merupakan salah satu satwa primata yang banyak dipelajari dan digunakan sebagai hewan model dalam riset biomedis karena memiliki kesamaan anatomi, fisiologi, endokrinologi, imunologi, neurologi, perilaku, dan proses degeneratif pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi profil hematologi dan biokimia darah M. nemestrina pada beberapa kelompok umur, sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi untuk penelitian biomedis dan pemantauan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor M. nemestrina betina di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB. Hewan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n = 5 ekor per kelompok) berdasarkan umur, yaitu kelompok umur muda (5–7 tahun), dewasa (12–14 tahun), dan tua (18–21 tahun). Anestesi dilakukan sebelum pemeriksaan klinis dan pengambilan sampel darah. Anestesi menggunakan Ketamin 10% (10–15 mg/kg), dan sampel darah dikoleksi melalui vena femoralis untuk analisis terhadap parameter hematologi (jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, nilai hematokrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin/MCH, mean corpuscular volume/MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration/MCHC, persentase red cell distribution width/RDW, jumlah platelet, mean platelet volume/MPV, platelet distribution width/PDW, dan jumlah total leukosit) dan biokimia darah (kadar blood urea nitrogen/BUN, total protein, albumin, globulin, dan bilirubin total, kreatinin, rasio albumin terhadap globulin/rasio A/G, aktivitas alkaline phosphatase/ALP) dan alanine aminotransferase/ALT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, nilai hematokrit, dan nilai MCH nyata lebih tinggi P<0,05 pada kelompok umur tua. Nilai MCV, MCHC, jumlah platelet, nilai MPV dan PDW tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar kelompok umur (P>0,05). Persentase RDW dan jumlah total leukosit berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antara kelompok umur dewasa dan tua. Hasil analisis biokimia darah menunjukkan kadar BUN, total protein, dan globulin berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada kelompok umur tua. Kadar kreatinin, albumin, rasio A/G, bilirubin total, dan aktivitas ALP tidak berbeda nyata antar kelompok umur (P>0,05). Aktivitas ALT menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) pada kelompok umur dewasa dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Hasil studi mengindikasikan bahwa faktor umur memengaruhi beberapa parameter hematologi (jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, nilai hematokrit, nilai MCH, persentase RDW dan jumlah total leukosit), dan parameter biokimia darah (kadar BUN, total protein, kadar globulin, dan aktivitas ALT.

Macaca nemestrina is one of the non-human primates widely studied and used as an animal model in biomedical research due to its anatomical, physiological, endocrinological, immunological, neurological, behavioral, and degenerative similarities to humans. This study aimed to identify the hematological and blood biochemical profiles of M. nemestrina across different age groups, providing a reference for biomedical research and health monitoring. The study involved 15 female M. nemestrina housed at the Primate Research Center of IPB University. The animals were divided into three age groups (n = 5 per group): young (5–7 years), adult (12–14 years), and old (18–21 years). Anesthesia was administered before clinical examination and blood sample collection, using 10% ketamine (10–15 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from the femoral vein and analyzed for hematological parameters (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin/MCH, mean corpuscular volume/MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration/MCHC, red cell distribution width/RDW percentage, platelet count, mean platelet volume/MPV, platelet distribution width/PDW, and total leukocyte count) and blood biochemical parameters (blood urea nitrogen/BUN, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, creatinine, albumin-to-globulin ratio/A/G ratio, alkaline phosphatase/ALP activity, and alanine aminotransferase/ALT activity). The results showed that erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and MCH were significantly higher (P<0,05) in the elderly group. MCV, MCHC, platelet count, MPV, and PDW did not differ significantly among age groups (P>0,05). RDW percentage and total leukocyte count differed significantly (P<0,05) between the adult and elderly groups. Blood biochemical analysis revealed that BUN, total protein, and globulin levels were significantly different (P<0,05) in the elderly group. Creatinine, albumin, A/G ratio, total bilirubin, and ALP activity showed no significant differences among age groups (P>0,05). ALT activity was significantly different (P<0,05) in the adult group compared to the others. These findings indicate that age influences several hematological parameters (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCH, RDW percentage, and total leukocyte count) and blood biochemical parameters (BUN, total protein, globulin levels, and ALT activity).