Pemodelan Percepatan Penyusunan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang

Abstract

Sejak 2020, setelah diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan kebijakan percepatan penyusunan Rencana Detil Tata Ruang (RDTR) pada skala 1:5.000, dengan target 2.036 lokasi yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Pemenuhan target RDTR ini lebih didorong atas argumentasi ekonomi. Kebijakan peningkatan investasi merupakan salah satu agenda penerapan program reformasi birokrasi tematik sesuai arahan Joko Widodo, Presiden Republik Indonesia. Minimnya ketersediaan RDTR menjadi salah satu penghambat percepatan proses perizinan berusaha dan berinvestasi melalui sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) di Indonesia. Empat tahun program percepatan penyusunan RDTR telah dijalankan, namun capaian kinerja per 8 Januari 2024 hanya mencapai 399 RDTR (19,59 %). Berbagai intervensi kebijakan dan pendekatan teknis telah dilakukan, seperti: melakukan perubahan peraturan penataan ruang, bantuan anggaran kepada pemerintah daerah, penyederhanaan kegiatan dan pengurangan waktu pemrosesan RDTR, pemberian bantuan tenaga ahli perencana dan peningkatan kualitas SDM di Pemerintah daerah, serta bantuan teknis yang lebih intensif, namun pencapaian kinerja belum menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Prahipotesis permasalahan kinerja ini, bisa disebabkan faktor lain yang muncul, permasalahan yang terjadi pada detail proses bisnis di setiap tahapan penyusunan RDTR, yang perlu diteliti lebih jauh. Analisis terhadap proses bisnis ini sering di kesampingkan karena dianggap tidak terkait substansi perencanaan. Padahal refleksi proses bisnis dibutuhkan untuk menjawab tuntutan dan tantangan operasional, serta permasalahan lainnya yang memerlukan solusi berupa optimalisasi. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada permasalahan sepanjang procedural planning penyusunan RDTR dari tahap persiapan hingga penetapan peraturan RDTR. Sumber data yang digunakan baik data primer maupun data sekunder. Sumber data primer berasal dari Survei Faktor Pengaruh bagi percepatan penyusunan RDTR dan Survei Post Reviu untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan penyusunan RDTR yang telah dilakukan oleh 213 Pemerintah Daerah, dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara kepada pakar serta Focus Group Discussion bersama stakeholders terkait. Sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui desk study. Pengolahan data survei faktor pengaruh menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP) berhasil mengidentifikasi urutan prioritas dan besaran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyusunan RDTR di Indonesia. Dalam penelitiannya ini dilakukan juga analisa stakeholder, analisa kebijakan eksisting, dan analisa ketatalaksanaan serta melakukan survey post reviu untuk mengidentifikasi kendala dan masalah yang terjadi pada pelaksanaan penyusunan RDTR yang dilakukan oleh 213 Pemerintah Daerah. Penelitian ini berhasil; 1) mengidentifikasi peran, tugas, kewenangan, bentuk partisipasi, aliran data dan informasi dari masing-masing aktor/stakeholder, serta relasi antara satu aktor dengan aktor lainnya, termasuk keterlibatan peran masyarakat dalam proses penyusunan RDTR, 2) mengidentfikasi kendala-kendala teknis yang muncul pada

proses bisnis as is penyusunan RDTR, 3) mengidentifikasi ketidaktepatan kebijakan dan tata kelola percepatan penyusunan RDTR. Memperhatikan korelasi antara analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan beberapa kendala utama (uncertainties) yang menjadi titik kritis dalam tahapan penyusunan RDTR yang muncul; 1. komitmen pemerintah daerah, 2. keterbatasan jumlah dan kompetensi SDM, 3. keterbatasan anggaran, dan 4. kendala teknis operasional pada setiap tahapan proses bisnis. Sementara itu, terdapat pula beberapa kendala lain yang selalu muncul berulang, salah satunya adalah kesulitan dalam memperoleh data valid dan terbaru dengan format spasial. Dengan adanya kondisi tersebut, implementasi kebijakan percepatan penyusunan RDTR masih belum tercapai karena proses penyusunan RDTR melebihi durasi waktu yang telah ditetapkan dan realisasi kinerja yang dicapai belum optimal. Keberadaan titik kritis dan kendala pada setiap tahapan proses bisnis penyusunan RDTR perlu direspon dengan adanya skenario perbaikan proses bisnis (business process improvement). Skenario ini sekaligus juga menjadi kebaharuan penelitian yang menitikberatkan pada Business Process Management dan menghasilkan skema rekayasa atau reengineering. Rekayasa ini dilakukan untuk memperbaiki proses bisnis eksisting (as is) RDTR menjadi proses bisnis to be RDTR yang dirancang melalui perubahan posisi, pembagian tahapan, dan otomatisasi proses. Hasil dari skema reengineering ini memberikan konsekuensi dalam beberapa hal; 1. perubahan/pengkajian ulang pada Peraturan Pemerintah penyelenggaraan penataan ruang, 2. Perbaikan tata kelola perencanaan penataan ruang, 3. pemetaan dan penataan peran, kewenangan, dan tanggung jawab setiap stakeholders dalam penyusunan RDTR, 4. Peningkatan komitmen pemerintah daerah, 5. Standarisasi data sesuai Kebijakan Satu Peta dan Satu Data Indonesia, 6. Penyediaan data dan processing engine RDTR Builder untuk mengotomatisasi proses analisis data. Konsekuensi tersebut dapat ditindaklanjuti dengan catatan bahwa seluruh pemilik proses bisnis terkait harus merumuskan kebijakan bersama untuk mengatur peran, tugas, wewenang, dan waktu penyelenggaraan dalam proses bisnis terintegrasi.

Government has established a policy to accelerate the preparation of Detailed Spatial Planning (RDTR) on a map scale of 1:5,000, with a target of 2,036 locations spread throughout Indonesia. The fulfillment of this RDTR target is more driven by economic arguments. The policy of increasing investment is one of the agendas for implementing the thematic bureaucratic reform program. The lack of availability of RDTR is one of the obstacles to accelerating the business licensing and investment process through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system in Indonesia. The RDTR acceleration program has been running for four years, but the performance achievement as of January 8, 2024 only reached 399 RDTR (19.59%). Various policy interventions and technical approaches have been carried out, such as: making changes to spatial planning regulations, budget assistance to local governments, simplifying activities and reducing RDTR processing time, providing assistance to planning experts and improving the quality of human resources in local governments, as well as more intensive technical assistance, but the performance achievement has not shown significant results. The pre-hypothesis of this performance problem could be caused by other factors that arise, problems that occur in the details of the business process at each stage of the RDTR preparation, which need to be studied further. Analysis of this business process is often ignored because it is considered unrelated to the substance of planning. In fact, business process reflection is needed to answer operational demands and challenges, as well as other problems that require solutions in the form of optimization. This study focuses on problems throughout the procedural planning of the RDTR preparation from the preparation stage to the determination of RDTR regulations. The data sources used are both primary and secondary data. The primary data source comes from the Survey of Influencing Factors for the acceleration of RDTR preparation and the Post Review Survey to evaluate the implementation of RDTR preparation that has been carried out by 213 Local Governments and is complemented by interviews with experts and Focus Group Discussions with related stakeholders. While secondary data is collected through desk study. The results of the survey with data processing using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method succeeded in identifying the priority order and magnitude of the factors that influence the preparation of RDTR in Indonesia. In this research, stakeholder analysis, existing policy analysis, and management analysis were conducted as well as conducting a post-review survey to identify obstacles and problems that occurred in the implementation of RDTR preparation carried out by 213 Local Governments. This research succeeded in; 1) identifying the roles, tasks, authorities, forms of participation, data and information flows from each actor/stakeholder, and the relationship between one actor and another, including the involvement of the community in the RDTR preparation process, 2) identifying technical obstacles that emerged in the business process as is of RDTR preparation,

3) identifying inaccuracies in policies and governance for accelerating RDTR preparation. Considering the correlation between these analyses, it can be concluded that several main obstacles (uncertainties) that are critical points in the stages of RDTR preparation that emerged; 1. local government commitment, 2. limited number and competence of human resources, 3. limited budget, and 4. technical operational obstacles at each stage of the business process. Meanwhile, there are also several other obstacles that always appear repeatedly, one of which is the difficulty in obtaining valid and up-to-date data with spatial format. With these conditions, the implementation of the policy to accelerate the preparation of the RDTR has not been achieved because the process of preparing the RDTR exceeds the specified time duration, and the realization of the performance achieved is not optimal. The existence of critical points and obstacles at each stage of the business process of preparing the RDTR needs to be responded to with a business process improvement scenario. This scenario as novelty that focuses on Business Process Management and produces an engineering or reengineering scheme. This engineering is carried out to improve the existing business process (as is) RDTR into a business process to be RDTR which is designed through changes in position, division of stages, and process automation. The results of this reengineering scheme have consequences in several ways; 1. changes/reviews to the government regulation on spatial planning, 2. improvements to spatial planning governance, 3. mapping and structuring the roles, authorities, and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the preparation of the RDTR, 4. increasing the commitment of local governments, 5. standardization of data in accordance with the One Map and One Data Indonesia Policy, 6. provision of data and processing engine RDTR Builder to automate the data analysis process. The consequences can be followed up with the note that all related business process owners must formulate a joint policy to regulate the roles, tasks, authorities, and implementation time in the integrated business process.