Keterkaitan Konsumsi Susu Selain ASI serta Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi dengan Status Gizi Balita Usia 2-5 Tahun di Jakarta Selatan

Abstract

Masa balita menjadi periode krusial dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi dapat menyebabkan masalah gizi pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan konsumsi susu selain ASI serta tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi dengan status gizi balita. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 60 subjek, yakni masing-masing 30 subjek status gizi gemuk (overweight dan obese) dan normal. Subjek diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data lama pemberian ASI dan konsumsi susu selain ASI melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, konsumsi pangan menggunakan food recall 2x24 jam, serta berat dan tinggi badan melalui pengukuran langsung dengan timbangan digital dan microtoise untuk menentukan status gizi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok gemuk lama pemberian ASI signifikan lebih singkat, konsumsi susu selain ASI signifikan lebih awal, dan tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat signifikan lebih rendah daripada kelompok normal. Terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara lama pemberian ASI, waktu pertama konsumsi susu selain ASI, dan tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat dengan status gizi. Hal ini berarti semakin lama pemberian ASI dan semakin tinggi tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat maka status gizi semakin normal, sedangkan semakin awal diberikan susu selain ASI maka status gizi semakin gemuk.

Toddlerhood is a crucial period in a child's growth and development. An imbalance between intake and needs for energy and nutrients can cause nutritional problems in toddlers. The objectives of this study was to analyze the relationships between consumption of milk other than breast milk, energy and nutrients adequacy levels with the nutritional status of toddlers. The research design was cross sectional involving 60 subjects, 30 subjects each of excess weight (overweight and obese)/EW and normal nutritional status/NN. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected on duration of breastfeeding and consumption of milk other than breast milk through interviews using a questionnaire, food consumption using 2x24-hour food recall, nutritional status estimated using weight and height through direct measurement with digital scales and microtoise, respectively. The results showed that in the EW group, the duration of breastfeeding was significantly shorter, milk other than breast milk was given significantly earlier, and carbohydrate adequacy level was significantly lower than the NN group. There was a significant negative relationship between the duration of breastfeeding, the first time consumption of milk other than breast milk, and carbohydrate adequacy level with nutritional status. These indicated that the longer duration of breastfeeding and the higher carbohydrate adequacy level the more NN, while the earlier milk other than breast milk was given the more EW.