Pemodelan Physical Based dan Analisis Water Footprint Irigasi dengan Pocket Fertigation untuk Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Abstract

Milah Shofiyati. Pemodelan Physical Based dan Analisis Water Footprint Irigasi dengan Pocket Fertigation untuk Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.). Dibimbing oleh CHUSNUL ARIF, SAYANTO K. SAPTOMO dan RUDIYANTO. Penurunan produksi melon dapat disebabkan oleh pemberian irigasi yang kurang efisien. Sistem irigasi pocket fertigation menjadi solusi yang efektif dengan mendistribusikan air dan nutrisi langsung ke zona perakaran melalui cincin emitor, sehingga mengurangi evaporasi, perkolasi, limpasan, dan kehilangan air lainnya. Pemodelan distribusi aliran air dalam tanah dilakukan menggunakan software Hydrus untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air sesuai kebutuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan distribusi aliran air pada sistem pocket fertigation dan irigasi konvensional, menganalisis pengaruh iklim mikro greenhouse terhadap budidaya melon, mengevaluasi efektivitas pocket fertigation terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, serta menghitung nilai water footprint dan water productivity. Penelitian dilakukan di Kinjiro Farm, Bogor, Jawa Barat, menggunakan metode RAL dengan analisis ANOVA one-way. Simulasi aliran air dilakukan menggunakan software Hydrus dengan data iklim dan fisik tanah dari stasiun cuaca di greenhouse. Kebutuhan air tanaman dihitung berdasarkan penurunan nilai evaporasi panci sehari sebelumnya. Water footprint dihitung dari penggunaan air hujan, irigasi, dan akumulasi polutan, sedangkan water productivity dihitung dari hasil panen dan jumlah air yang digunakan. Hasil simulasi distribusi aliran air menggunakan pocket fertigation menunjukkan efisiensi lebih tinggi dengan area basah terkonsentrasi di sekitar perakaran, berbeda dari sistem konvensional yang menyebarkan air di permukaan. Iklim mikro memengaruhi hasil panen, dengan radiasi matahari rendah pada musim pertama menurunkan hasil dan evapotranspirasi, sementara kelembapan tinggi meningkatkan risiko hama dan penyakit. Perlakuan A2P2 (1,5 x evaporasi dengan pocket fertigation) lebih efektif, menghasilkan 18,30 ton/ha dan 34,08 ton/ha dalam dua musim tanam. Selama dua musim tanam melon, perlakuan A2P2 menghasilkan produktivitas air tertinggi 8,85 kg/m³ dan 15,65 kg/m³ serat nilai water footprint terendah 155,86 m³/ton dan 83,25 m³/ton. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa sistem irigasi pocket fertigation lebih efektif dalam penggunaan air.

Milah Shofiyati. Physical Based Modelling and Water Footprint Analysis of Irrigation with Pocket Fertigation for Melon (Cucumis melo L.). Supervised by CHUSNUL ARIF, SAYANTO K. SAPTOMO and RUDIYANTO. Inefficient irrigation can decrease melon production. A pocket fertigation system is one of effective irrigation methods. This system distribute water and nutrients directly to the root zone through emitter rings, therefore evaporation, percolation, runoff, and other water losses can be reduced. Hydrus software package was used to model water flow distribution in the soil to improve water use efficiency according to crop needs. This study aims to simulate water flow distribution in pocket fertigation and conventional irrigation systems, analyze the effect of greenhouse microclimate on melon cultivation, evaluate the effectiveness of pocket fertigation on plant growth, and calculate the value of water footprint and water productivity. The research was conducted at Kinjiro Farm, Bogor, West Java, using the RAL method with one-way ANOVA analysis. Water flow simulation was performed using Hydrus software with climatic and physical soil data from the weather station in the greenhouse. Plant water requirements were calculated based on the decrease in pan evaporation value the day before. Water footprint was calculated from rainwater use, irrigation, and pollutant accumulation, while water productivity was calculated from crop yield and the amount of water used. Simulation results of water flow distribution using pocket fertigation showed higher efficiency with wet areas concentrated around the roots, different from conventional systems that spread water on the surface. Microclimate affected crop yields, with low solar radiation in the first season reducing yield and evapotranspiration, while high humidity increased the risk of pests and diseases. The A2P2 treatment (1.5 x evaporation with pocket fertigation) was more effective, yielding 18.30 tons/ha and 34.08 tons/ha in two growing seasons. During the two melon growing seasons, the A2P2 treatment produced the highest water productivity of 8.85 kg/m³ and 15.65 kg/m³ fiber the lowest water footprint values of 155.86 m³/ton and 83.25 m³/ton. These results show that the pocket fertigation irrigation system is more effective in water use.