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      Valorisasi Non-Protein Residue Kacang Koro Pedang dari Proses Ekstraksi Protein sebagai Bahan Baku Bioplastik

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Alamsyah, Habib Nur
      Purwanti, Nanik
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      Abstract
      Produk samping rangkaian proses ekstraksi dan isolasi protein Kacang Koro Pedang (KKP) berupa non-protein residue (NPR) memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan baku bioplastik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan valorisasi NPR KKP dan mengeksplorasi pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku bioplastik. Analisis yang dilakukan pada NPR dan turunannya meliputi rendemen, analisis proksimat, kadar pati, amilosa dan amilopektin, kristalinitas melalui X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan karakteristik termal melalui differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) yang digabung dengan thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Formulasi bioplastik melibatkan kitosan sebagai reinforcing agent. Analisis bioplastik meliputi ketebalan, kadar air, solubilitas, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), kuat tarik, elongasi dan biodegradabilitas. Penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan NPR menghasilkan bioplastik yang mengandung granule-granule tak larut. Oleh karena itu, NPR diekstrak menggunakan 0,4% b/v natrium hidroksida (NaOH) sehingga diperoleh produk turunan berupa pati KKP. Rendemen pati yang dihasilkan dari biji KKP sebesar 28,29% dengan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 92,58% basis kering (bk). Pati yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar pati 84,09%bk, amilosa 30,17%bk dan amilopektin 67,95%bk. Analisis kristalinitas menunjukkan sebagian besar pati bersifat amorf. Karakteristik termal menunjukkan diperlukan energi lebih besar untuk pati mengalami glass transition dibandingkan crystal transition. Formulasi rasio pati KKP : akuades sebesar 1:10 b/v menghasilkan bioplastik terbaik secara kualitatif yang diamati dari kemudahan pemrosesannya, kemudahan untuk dilepas dari cetakan, warna dan teksturnya. Pengujian karakteristik bioplastik berbasis pati KKP menunjukkan perlakuan 1,0 gram kitosan menghasilkan bioplastik dengan kualitas terbaik yang dilihat dari ketebalan, kadar air, solubilitas dan WVTR yang paling rendah. Untuk menghasilkan bioplastik dengan kuat tarik yang tinggi cukup ditambahkan 0,5 gram kitosan, sementara itu untuk memperoleh elongasi yang tertinggi perlu ditambahkan 1,0 gram kitosan. Suhu, relative humidity (RH), dan waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh pada WVTR, kuat tarik dan elongasi bioplastik pada formulasi bioplastik dengan atau tanpa kitosan. Bioplastik dengan perlakuan kitosan lebih cepat terdegradasi dibandingkan tanpa kitosan dilihat dari laju biodegradabilitasnya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pati KKP dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku bioplastik
       
      Non-protein residue (NPR), a by-product of protein extraction and isolation process from jack bean (JB), is a potential raw material for bioplastics. This study aimed to valorize NPR from JB and explored its application as a bioplastic material. NPR and its derivatives were analyzed in terms of their yield, proximate contents, starch content, amylose and amylopectin levels, crystallinity through X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal characteristics using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) combined with thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Bioplastic formulation involved chitosan as a reinforcing agent. The resulting bioplastic were analyzed in a term of its thickness, moisture content, solubility, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength, elongation and biodegradability. Preliminary research indicated that NPR resulted bioplastic containing patches of insoluble material. Therefore, NPR was purified using 0,4% b/v sodium hydroxide (NaOH), yielding a derivative product in the form of JB starch. The starch yield, counted from the JB seeds, was 28,29%, with a carbohydrate content 92,58% on a dry basis (db). The starch contained 84,09% db starch, 30,17% db amylose, and 67,95% db amylopectin. Crystallinity analysis showed that most of the starch is amorphous. Thermal characteristics indicated that more energy is required for glass transition than crystal transition. The ratio of JB starch : aquadest of 1:10 b/v produced the best bioplastic in terms of ease of processing, ease of release from the mold, color, and texture. Testing the characteristics of JB starch bioplastics shows that the treatment of 1.0 gram of chitosan produces bioplastics with the best quality as seen from the thickness, moisture content, solubility and the lowest WVTR. To produce bioplastics with high tensile strength, it is sufficient to add 0.5 grams of chitosan, while to obtain the highest elongation, 1.0 grams of chitosan needs to be added. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), and storage time affected the WVTR, tensile strength, and elongation of the bioplastics, with or without chitosan. Bioplastics containing chitosan showed faster degradation compared to those without chitosan. In conclusion, JB starch is a promising raw material for bioplastics
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/161082
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      • UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering [3593]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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