Kondisi Tutupan Lahan di DAS Citarum Hulu dan Status Mutu Air Sungai Citarum Hulu

Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia memicu terjadinya perubahan tutupan lahan di setiap daerah aliran sungai (DAS) serta sumber pencemaran lingkungan, khususnya ekosistem sungai di suatu DAS. Salah satu sungai tercemar di Indonesia adalah Sungai Citarum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan di DAS Citarum Hulu dan kualitas air di Sungai Citarum Hulu periode 2018-2023, serta pengaruh tutupan lahan terhadap status mutu Sungai Citarum Hulu. Pemetaan tutupan lahan DAS Citarum Hulu diolah melalui Google Earth Engine. Penentuan status mutu air menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan tutupan lahan vegetasi alami yang semakin berkurang selama periode 2018-2023. Status kualitas air semakin menurun kearah hilir, dari kondisi ‘cemar ringan’ di hulu menjadi ‘cemar sedang’ dan ‘cemar berat’ ke arah hilir. Parameter yang melebihi baku mutu semakin beragam ke arah hilir, meliputi BOD, FC, COD, DO, TSS, besi, seng, amonia, kadmium, dan fluorida. Tutupan lahan di DAS Citarum Hulu memberikan dampak terhadap tren kenaikan nilai IP Sungai Citarum Hulu.

The increase in population in Indonesia has triggered changes in land cover in each river basin (DAS) and sources of environmental pollution, particularly in river ecosystems within a given DAS. One of the polluted rivers in Indonesia is the Citarum River. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in land cover in the Upper Citarum River Basin and the water quality of the Upper Citarum River from 2018 to 2023, as well as the impact of land cover on the water quality status of the Upper Citarum River. The land cover mapping of the Upper Citarum River Basin was processed using Google Earth Engine. The water quality status was determined using the Pollution Index method. The results show a decrease in the area of natural vegetation cover during the 2018-2023 period. The water quality status deteriorates downstream, from 'lightly polluted' in the upstream to 'moderately polluted' and 'heavily polluted' further downstream. Parameters exceeding the quality standards become more varied downstream, including BOD, FC, COD, DO, TSS, iron, zinc, ammonia, cadmium, and fluoride. Land cover in the Upper Citarum River Basin has an impact on the increasing trend of the Pollution Index value of the Upper Citarum River.