Studi Morfologi Bunga dan Pertumbuhan Setek Genotipe Uji Coba Mawar (Rosa Hybrida L.) di Perusahaan Mawar Paul van der Hulst, Limburg, Belanda

Abstract

Mawar (Rosa hybrida L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman hias populer di Indonesia. Produksi mawar meningkat sebesar 25,7% dari 2021 hingga 2023 mencapai 204,630,736 tangkai. Pemuliaan varietas baru mengarah pembentukan variasi dari bunga (bentuk, warna, dan corak) seiring dengan konsumen yang senantiasa menghendaki produk baru. Studi ini mempelajari karakter morfologi bunga dan vase life empat genotipe uji coba yang berasal dari perusahaan De Ruiter yaitu 200684 (A), 200365 (B), 200087 (C), dan 200484 (D), serta kemampuan berakar dan bertunas melalui setek dari tiga genotipe uji coba perusahaan Jan Spek Rozen yaitu SPE22/0841–02 (A), SPE A22–28/4–03 (B), dan SPE 22/1714–04 (C). Percobaan dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) tiga ulangan dengan faktor tunggal genotipe uji coba. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada panjang cabang, ukuran bunga, dan vase life dari genotipe perusahaan De Ruiter. Genotipe 200484 (D) memiliki rata-rata cabang paling panjang yakni 66,93 cm dan diameter bunga paling besar yakni 82,43 mm. Genotipe 200365 (B) memiliki vase life terpanjang selama 19 hari. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan nyata pada tingkat keberhasilan setek genotipe perusahaan Jan Spek Rozen yang dilihat dari persentase hidup setek. Nilai persentase berakar dan bertunas >85% pada genotipe SPE22/0841–02 (A), SPE A22–28/4–03 (B), dan SPE 22/1714–04 (C) menunjukkan hasil yang layak untuk kegiatan produksi bibit.

Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) is one of the popular ornamental plant commodities in Indonesia. Rose production increased by 25,7% from 2021 to 2023 reaching 204,630,736 stems. Breeding of new varieties leads to the formation of variations of flowers (shape, color, and style) as consumers constantly want new products. This study investigated the flower morphological characters of four trial genotypes from De Ruiter company, 200684 (A), 200365 (B), 200087 (C), and 200484 (D), as well as the ability to root and sprout through cuttings from three trial genotypes from Jan Spek Rozen company, SPE22/0841-02 (A), SPE A22-28/4-03 (B), and SPE 22/1714-04 (C). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (CRD) with three replications with a single factor of trial genotypes. The experiment was conducted from April to June 2024 at Paul van der Hulst company, Horst, Limburg, the Netherlands. The results showed significant differences in branch length, flower size, and vase life among the genotypes of the De Ruiter company. Genotype 200484 (D) had the longest average branches at 66.93 cm and the largest flower diameter at 82,43 mm. Genotype 200365 (B) had the longest vase life of 19 days. There was no significant difference in the success rate of cuttings from Jan Spek Rozen company genotypes as seen from the percentage of alive cuttings. The value of rooted and sprouted cuttings >85% in genotype SPE22/0841-02 (A), SPE A22-28/4-03 (B), and SPE 22/1714-04 (C) showed viable results for seedling production.