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      Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Kesesuaian Wilayah Wisata Selam dan Snorkeling di Taman Nasional Baluran

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Amalia , Ammanda Ratu
      Pasaribu, Riza Aitiando
      Arafat, Dondy
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      Abstract
      Taman Nasional Baluran, yang terletak di Kabupaten Situbondo, Jawa Timur, memiliki ekosistem laut yang kaya dengan terumbu karang dan ikan terumbu. Potensi ekowisata bahari seperti selam dan snorkeling di wilayah ini membutuhkan pemetaan kesesuaian lokasi untuk menjaga keberlanjutan serta meningkatkan pengalaman wisatawan. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan untuk parameter oseanografi (kecerahan dan arus), pengukuran terumbu karang menggunakan metode Point Intercept Transect (PIT), serta pengamatan ikan terumbu dengan teknik sensus visual. Citra satelit Sentinel-2A juga digunakan untuk memetakan habitat bentik menggunakan klasifikasi terbimbing dengan algoritma maximum likelihood (MLH) setelah melewati tahapan koreksi radiometrik, dan atmosferik. Data parameter dilakukan interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) untuk menganalisis indeks kesesuaian wisata selam dan snorkeling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah perairan di Pantai Bama dan Batu Hitam memiliki potensi besar sebagai destinasi wisata selam dan snorkeling. Kesesuaian wilayah selam di Pantai Bama mencakup area seluas 123,5 hektar dengan nilai Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) 59.25%, termasuk dalam kategori Cukup Sesuai (S2), sedangkan Batu Hitam memiliki IKW sebesar 66.66%, yang lebih sesuai untuk selam. Untuk wisata snorkeling, Pantai Bama memiliki kesesuaian lebih tinggi dengan IKW sebesar 84.91% dan masuk kategori Sangat Sesuai (S1), dibandingkan Batu Hitam dengan IKW 71.92% (Sesuai). Keanekaragaman jenis ikan dan kondisi terumbu karang, terutama di Pantai Bama, berkontribusi besar dalam menjadikan lokasi tersebut unggul untuk wisata snorkeling. Analisis spasial dari SIG menunjukkan bahwa faktor oseanografi seperti kecerahan perairan dan arus juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesesuaian lokasi wisata bahari.
       
      Baluran National Park, located in Situbondo Regency, East Java, boasts a rich marine ecosystem with coral reefs and reef fish. The potential for marine ecotourism, such as diving and snorkeling, in this area requires site suitability mapping to ensure sustainability and enhance visitor experiences. Data were collected through field surveys for oceanographic parameters (water clarity and currents), coral reef measurements using the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method, and reef fish observations using visual census techniques. Satellite imagery from Sentinel-2A was also used to map benthic habitats using supervised classification with maximum likelihood (MLH) algorithm after undergoing radiometric and atmospheric corrections. The parameter data were then interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method to analyze the suitability index for diving and snorkeling tourism. The study results show that the waters in Bama Beach and Batu Hitam hold great potential as diving and snorkeling destinations. The suitability of the diving area in Bama Beach covers an area of 123,5 hectares with a Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) of 59.25%, categorized as Moderately Suitable (S2), while Batu Hitam has an IKW of 66.66%, indicating higher suitability for diving. For snorkeling tourism, Bama Beach shows a higher suitability with an IKW of 84.91%, classified as Highly Suitable (S1), compared to Batu Hitam, which has an IKW of 71.92% (Suitable). The diversity of fish species and coral reef conditions, particularly at Bama Beach, significantly contribute to making it an excellent location for snorkeling tourism. Spatial analysis from GIS also shows that oceanographic factors such as water clarity and currents strongly influence the suitability of marine tourism locations.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160848
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      • UT - Marine Science And Technology [2022]

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