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      Pemetaan Perubahan Tutupan Vegetasi Mangrove Tahun 1990-2020 Berdasarkan Indeks Vegetasi Citra Satelit di Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Bekasi

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Nugraha, Rico
      Setiawan, Yudi
      Wijayanto, Arif Kurnia
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      Abstract
      Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Bekasi merupakan salah satu wilayah pesisir pantai utara yang mempunyai ekosistem mangrove yang cukup luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan luasan mangrove dan non-mangrove, serta memetakan degradasi vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan kerapatan mangrove dari tahun 1990–2020 di Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Kabupaten Bekasi. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan diaplikasikan menggunakan pixel-based classification dengan pengklasifikasi support vector machine (SVM) yang menghasilkan akurasi keseluruhan sebesar 88,40% dengan statistik kappa sebesar 0,80. Perubahan temporal lahan mangrove dalam kurun waktu 30 tahun (1990–2000, 2000–2010, dan 2010–2020) menunjukkan tren pertumbuhan area tutupan mangrove sebesar 155,86%. Faktor alam (abrasi dan akresi) dan faktor manusia (restorasi mangrove) memengaruhi perubahan area tutupan mangrove. Perhitungan indeks vegetasi (NDVI) menghasilkan tiga kelas kerapatan yaitu jarang, sedang, dan lebat. Hasil perhitungan NDVI menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kerapatan tutupan mangrove antara tahun 1990–2020. Mangrove kerapatan jarang pada tahun 1990–2020 meningkat dari 3,15 km2 menjadi 3,76 km2, kerapatan sedang meningkat dari 3,69 km2 menjadi 8,36 km2, dan kerapatan lebat meningkat dari 0,15 km2 menjadi 3,18 km2. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa area mangrove di Muara Gembong mengalami pertumbuhan luas berdasarkan klasifikasi citra Landsat tahun 1990–2020.
       
      Muara Gembong Subdistrict in Bekasi is one of the northern coastal areas with a relatively extensive mangrove ecosystem. This study aims to analyze changes in mangrove and non-mangrove areas and map mangrove vegetation degradation based on mangrove density from 1990 to 2020 in Muara Gembong Subdistrict, Bekasi Regency. Land cover classification was applied using pixel-based classification with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, achieving an overall accuracy of 88.40% and a kappa statistic of 0.80. Temporal changes in mangrove land over 30 years (1990–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2020) showed a trend of mangrove cover area growth by 155.86%. Natural factors (abrasion and accretion) and human factors (mangrove restoration) influenced changes in mangrove cover area. The vegetation index (NDVI) calculation resulted in three density classes: sparse, moderate, and dense. NDVI calculations indicated an increase in mangrove cover density between 1990 and 2020. Sparse density mangroves increased from 3.15 km² to 3.76 km², moderate density increased from 3.69 km² to 8.36 km², and dense density increased from 0.15 km² to 3.18 km². These results indicate that the mangrove area in Muara Gembong has experienced growth in extent based on Landsat image classification from 1990 to 2020.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160815
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      • UT - Conservation of Forest and Ecotourism [2402]

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