Nematoda Parasit pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Kabupaten Sukabumi adalah salah satu sentra produksi padi di Jawa Barat. Produksi padi di Jawa Barat beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi padi karena serangan nematoda parasit tanaman, khususnya Hirschmanniella spp. yang menyerang perakaran pada tanaman padi. Identifikasi spesies nematoda parasit tanaman padi di Sukabumi khususnya di Kecamatan Ciracap belum pernah dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi melalui pengamatan karakter morfologi untuk semua nematoda parasit yang ditemukan dan molekuler melalui amplifikasi DNA dan perunutan nukleotida untuk nematoda Hirschmanniella spp., serta menghitung jumlah individu nematoda parasit pada beberapa varietas tanaman padi di Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi tanah dan akar padi, penghitungan jumlah nematoda, pengamatan karakter morfometri, ekstraksi DNA nematoda, amplifikasi DNA melalui Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dan analisis perunutan nukleotida. Nematoda parasit tanaman pada padi di Kecamatan Ciracap, Sukabumi yang ditemukan yaitu Hirschmanniella spp., Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchus spp., Paralongidorus spp. dengan populasi 8-90 individu. Berdasarkan analisis perunutan nukleotida spesies Hirschmanniella asal tanaman padi varietas IPB 3S yaitu H. oryzae dan Ciherang H. Mucronata. Homologi H. oryzae sebesar 95,6% dibanding dengan negara Myanmar, Indonesia (Isolat asal Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta), dan Vietnam. Sedangkan, H. mucronata homologi sebesar 98,3% dengan negara Thailand.

Sukabumi Regency is one of the rice production centers in West Java. Rice production in West Java has declined in recent years. One of the factors that causes a decrease in rice production is due to the attack of plant parasitic nematodes, especially Hirschmanniella spp., which attack the roots of rice plants. The identification of parasitic nematode species of rice plants in Sukabumi, especially in Ciracap District, has never been carried out, so this study aims to identify through observation of morphological characters for all found and molecular parasitic nematodes through DNA amplification and nucleotide sequencing for nematodes Hirschmanniella spp., as well as counting the number of parasitic nematodes in several varieties of rice plants in Ciracap District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. The research methods used were sampling, soil and rice root extraction, counting the number of nematodes, observing morphometric characters, extracting nematode DNA, amplifying DNA through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and nucleotide sequencing analysis. Plant parasitic nematodes on rice in Ciracap District, Sukabumi that were found were Hirschmanniella spp., Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchus spp., and Paralongidorus spp. with a population of 8-90 individuals. Based on the analysis of nucleotide tracing of Hirschmanniella species from IPB 3S rice plants, namely H. oryzae and Ciherang H. Mucronata. The homology of H. oryzae is 95,6% compared to Myanmar, Indonesia (isolate from the Special Region of Yogyakarta), and Vietnam. Meanwhile, H. mucronata is 98,3% homology with Thailand.