Teknik Pencampuran Bioaditif Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Biosolar B35

Abstract

ABSTRAK Peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar minyak (BBM) di Indonesia akibat pertumbuhan jumlah kendaraan mendorong perlunya inovasi dalam bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Biosolar B35, campuran biodiesel dari Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) sebesar 35% dengan solar, menjadi solusi energi terbarukan sesuai kebijakan energi nasional. Namun, kualitas B35 masih memiliki tantangan, seperti kadar air dan partikulat yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis karakteristik bioaditif dan biosolar, (2) menentukan teknik pencampuran bioaditif yang optimal terhadap kadar air dan partikulat, (3) mengamati karakteristik visual dan sedimen B35, serta (4) mengevaluasi perubahan komponen bioaditif selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode formulasi bioaditif, pengujian kualitas B35 mengacu pada SK Dirjen EBTKE No. 195.K.EK.05/DJE/2022, serta analisis kadar air (ASTM D1744), kadar partikulat (ASTM D7596), dengan Scanning Electron Microscope dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy SEM-EDS, dan Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analisis data dilakukan dengan RStudio, uji Principal Component Analysis (LSD), dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik pencampuran menggunakan alat mekanis (Fluko FM30D Lab High Shear Homogenizer) efektif menurunkan kadar air, sedangkan metode difusi induksi aliran optimal untuk menurunkan kadar partikulat. Formulasi A+B35 dan B+B35 menunjukkan penurunan kadar air dan partikulat yang signifikan. Karakteristik visual B35 selama penyimpanan menunjukkan sedimen lebih terendapkan dengan morfologi partikel homogen. Analisis EDS mengidentifikasi dominasi karbon pada sedimen, sedangkan Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) mengungkap penurunan jumlah senyawa bioaditif selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan biosolar B35 yang berkualitas tinggi dan ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: Biosolar, Bioaditif, GC-MS, SEM-EDS, Teknik Pencampuran

ABSTRACT

The increasing consumption of fossil fuels in Indonesia, driven by the growth in vehicle numbers, necessitates innovation in environmentally friendly alternative fuels. B35 biodiesel, a blend of 35% biodiesel from Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) with diesel fuel, serves as a renewable energy solution aligned with the national energy policy. However, the quality of B35 still faces challenges, such as high water and particulate content. This study aims to: (1) analyze the characteristics of bioadditives and biodiesel, (2) determine the optimal bioadditive mixing technique to reduce water and particulate content, (3) observe the visual characteristics and sedimentation of B35, and (4) evaluate changes in bioadditive components during storage. This research employed bioadditive formulation methods, with B35 quality testing referring to SK Dirjen EBTKE No. 195.K.EK.05/DJE/2022. Water content was analyzed using ASTM D1744, particulate content using ASTM D7596, while Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized for further characterization. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio, Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that mechanical mixing using the Fluko FM30D Lab High Shear Homogenizer effectively reduced water content, while the induced flow diffusion method was optimal for reducing particulate content. Formulations A+B35 and B+B35 exhibited significant reductions in water and particulate levels. The visual characteristics of B35 during storage revealed enhanced sedimentation with more homogeneous particle morphology. EDS analysis identified carbon as the dominant element in the sediment, while GC-MS revealed a reduction in bioadditive compounds during storage. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of high-quality and environmentally friendly B35 biodiesel. Keywords: Biodiesel, Bioadditives, GC-MS, SEM-EDS, Mixing Techniques