Suplementasi Kombinasi Phytobiotic, Chromium, dan Betaine dalam Pakan terhadap Performa, Kualitas Telur, dan Imunitas Ayam ISA Brown

Abstract

Ayam petelur pada masa akhir produksi identik dengan penurunan performa produksi dan kerentanan terhadap penyakit. Hal ini dikarenakan fungsi hati pada ayam petelur tidak dapat bekerja secara optimal untuk melakukan proses metabolisme, sehingga terjadi penumpukan lemak dan beberapa gangguan pada fungsi hati. Gangguan pada hati akan berakibat pada penurunan poduksi, kualitas telur, serta imunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi suplementasi kombinasi PCB (phytobiotic, chromium, dan betaine) dalam pakan terhadap performa, kualitas telur, dan imunitas ayam ISA Brown. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2000 ekor ayam petelur strain ISA Brown yang dibagi menjadi 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah: P0 = pakan kontrol, P1 = pakan kontrol + suplementasi kombinasi PCB 0,05% pakan, P2 = pakan kontrol + suplementasi kombinasi PCB 0,1% pakan, P3 = pakan kontrol + suplementasi kombinasi PCB 0,15% pakan. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, hen day production (HDP), bobot telur, massa telur, income over feed and cost (IOFC), kualitas telur, profil darah, dan persentase organ imunitas. Data penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), jika terdapat perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan dan uji lanjut Polinomial Ortogonal untuk menentukan dosis optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi kombinasi PCB 0,05% dan 0,1% pakan nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan produksi telur harian, produksi massa telur, warna kerabang telur, eosinofil dan nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan konsumsi pakan harian, rasio konversi pakan, dan berat telur. Suplementasi kombinasi PCB tidak berpengaruh terhadap indeks telur, indeks albumen, indeks kuning telur, persentase albumen, kuning telur dan kerabang, haugh unit, warna kuning telur, ketebalan kerabang telur, kekuatan kerabang telur, porositas kerabang telur, hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit, leukosit, limfosit, monosit, heterofil, basofil, rasio H/L, dan persentase bobot organ imunitas. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah suplementasi kombinasi PCB dalam pakan meningkatkan produksi telur 13% dan efisiensi pakan 9% pada ayam petelur berusia 82-87 minggu sehingga dapat meningkatkan keuntungan sebesar 49%. Taraf suplementasi kombinasi PCB yang optimal untuk mencapai performa produksi terbaik adalah dengan dosis 0,075% - 0,080% pakan.

Laying hens at the end of production are synonymous with reduced production performance and susceptibility to disease. This is because the liver function in laying hens is not able to work optimally to carry out metabolic processes, as well as fat accumulation and several disorders in the liver function of laying hens. Liver disorders will result in decreased production, egg quality, and immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation combination of PCB (phytobiotic, chromium, and betaine) in diet on performance, egg quality, and Immunity of ISA Brown Hens. This study used 2000 ISA Brown laying hens divided into 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments given were: P0 = diet without supplementation (control), P1 = control diet supplemented with PCB 0.05%, P2 = control diet supplemented with PCB 0.1%, P3 = control diet supplemented with PCB 0.15%. The observed variables were feed consumption, feed conversion, hen day production (HDP), egg weight, egg mass, income over feed and cost (IOFC), egg quality, blood profile, and percentage of immune organs. The research data obtained were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant differences, followed by Duncan's further test and Orthogonal Polynomial further test to determine the optimal dose. The results showed that supplementation combination of PCB 0.05%, and 0.1% significantly (P<0.05) increased hen day production, egg mass production, eggshell color, eosinophils and significantly (P<0.05) decreased daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and egg weight. Supplementation combination of PCB did not affect shape index, albumen index, yolk index, percentage of albumen, yolk, and shell, haugh unit, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, eggshell porosity, hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, basophils, H/L ratio and weight percentage of immune organs. The conclusion of this research was that PCB supplementation in diet increased egg production by 13% and feed efficiency by 9% in 82-87 week old laying hens, which increased profitability by 49%. The optimal PCB supplementation level to achieve the best production performance was at a dose of 0.075% - 0.080% diet.