Mutu Fisik dan Fisiologis Benih Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) dari Pemupukan dan Tingkat Kemasakan Berbeda
Date
2025Author
Anggraini, Shella Febby
Widajati, Eny
Palupi, Endah Retno
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Ketersediaan benih sorgum bermutu perlu ditingkatkan untuk
pengembangan budidaya tanaman sorgum. Aplikasi pupuk anorganik atau
kombinasi pupuk anorganik dan organik dapat berpengaruh terhadap hasil
produksi. Bunga pada malai sorgum tidak serempak mekarnya, sehingga diduga
benih yang terbentuk tidak seragam masak fisiologinya. Hal ini akan berdampak
terhadap mutu benih yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan dosis
pemupukan dan waktu panen yang tepat untuk produksi dan mutu benih sorgum
yang tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Januari hingga Mei 2024 di Kebun
Percobaan Sawah Baru dan Laboratorium Pengujian dan Penyimpanan Mutu
Benih IPB. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap
teracak dua faktor yaitu pemupukan dan tingkat kemasakan. Faktor pertama terdiri
atas tiga taraf yaitu tanpa pupuk, pupuk anorganik (urea 200 kg ha-1, SP-36 100 kg
ha-1, dan KCl 100 kg ha-1), dan pupuk anorganik+organik (urea 200 kg ha-1, SP-36
100 kg ha-1, dan KCl 100 kg ha-1+ pupuk kandang sapi 5 ton ha-1). Faktor kedua
terdiri atas tiga tingkat kemasakan, benih dipanen 35 hari setelah antesis malai
bagian ujung, tengah, dan pangkal. Kombinasi pupuk organik dan anorganik
(pupuk urea 200 kg ha-1, SP-36 100 kg ha-1, dan KCl 100 kg ha-1 + pupuk
kandang sapi 5 ton ha-1) memberikan hasil produksi benih sorgum tertinggi. Panen
benih 35 hari setelah antesis berdasarkan antesis bunga pada bagian malai ujung
dan tengah menghasilkan produksi dan mutu yang tidak berbeda. Mutu benih yang
berada pada bagian atas dan tengah malai tidak berbeda. Mutu benih dari malai
bagian bawah tidak dipengaruhi oleh waktu panen, tetapi mutunya cenderung
lebih rendah. The availability of high quality sorghum seeds needs to be increased to
develop sorghum cultivation Inorganic fertilizers or a combination of inorganic
and organic fertilizer application can effect the yield. It is necessary to determine
whether applying inorganic fertilizers alone or combining them with organic
fertilizer will affect yield. The flowers on the sorghum panicle do not reach
anthesis simultaneously, so it is suspected that the seeds formed do not reach
physiological maturity uniformly. This research aims to determine the appropriate
type of fertilizers and harvest time for high seed yield and seed quality of
sorghum. The study was conducted from January to May 2024 at Sawah Baru
Experimental Station and Seed Quality Testing and Storage Laboratory of IPB
University. The study was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with two factors: fertilization and seed maturity stage. The first factor
consists of three levels: no fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer (urea 200 kg ha-1, SP-36
100 kg ha-1, and KCl 100 kg ha-1), and inorganic + organic fertilizers (urea 200
kg ha-1, SP-36 100 kg ha-1, and KCl 100 kg ha-1 + manure 5 tons ha-1). The second
factor consists of three levels: seeds were harvested at 35 days after anthesis of
the distal, middle, and proximal parts of the panicle. The result showed that
organic + inorganic fertilizers (urea 200 kg ha-1, SP-36 100 kg ha-1, and KCl 100
kg ha-1 + manure 5 tons ha-1) produced the highest sorghum seed yield.
Harvesting sorghum seeds at different maturity stages (35 days after anthesis of
the distal, middle, and proximal parts of the panicle) did not affect seed yield and
physical quality. However, it is recommended to harvest sorghum seeds 35 days
after anthesis of the distal or middle part of the panicle to obtain seeds with
higher vigor. Harvesting seeds 35 days after anthesis based on flower anthesis of
the distal and middle parts of the panicle did not affect seed yield and seed
viability. The seed quality of upper and middle parts of the panicle is not
significantly different. The seed quality of lower parts of the panicle did not
affected by the maturity stages, but the seed quality tends to be lower.