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      Potensi Aktinomiset Phylloplane sebagai Agens Pengendali Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzae) pada Padi

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Sukmawati, Indra
      Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih
      Tondok, Efi Toding
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      Abstract
      Penyakit blas menyebabkan hasil produksi padi menurun. Penanaman varietas tahan dan penggunaan fungisida kimiawi sampai saat ini belum dapat mengatasi penyakit tersebut, oleh karena itu diperlukan alternatif pengendalian. Salah satu agens hayati yang dapat digunakan yaitu aktinomiset. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyeleksi isolat aktinomiset phylloplane asal tanaman Liliaceae yang berpotensi mengendalikan P. oryzae serta mengidentifikasi isolat aktinomiset potensial secara molekuler. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi isolasi dan identifikasi cendawan P. oryzae, perbanyakan isolat aktinomiset, uji antagonis aktinomiset terhadap P. oryzae, uji VOC lima aktinomiset terbaik terhadap P. oryzae, karakterisasi morfologi aktinomiset terbaik, dan identifikasi aktinomiset secara molekuler. Sebanyak 22 isolat aktinomiset yang telah berhasil diseleksi berdasarkan uji keamanan hayati selanjutnya diuji kemampuan antagonismenya secara in vitro terhadap P. oryzae dengan metode dual cultre menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Isolat aktinomiset phylloplane Liliaceae dengan tingkat hambat relatif (THR) paling tinggi diuji dual cultre diidentifikasi secara molekuler dengan teknik PCR berdasarkan sekuen gen 16S rRNA menggunakan primer universal 27F dan 16Sact1114R. Persentase THR aktinomiset terhadap P. oryzae dengan uji dual culture berkisar antara 14,28-47,02%. THR dari uji senyawa volatil yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 20,35-58,92%. Isolat terbaik dengan persentase THR tertinggi pada uji dual culture yaitu AHW173. Isolat tersebut memiliki kemiripan dengan Brevibacterium casei sebesar 91,23%.
       
      Blast disease causes a decrease in rice production. The planting of resistant varieties and the use of chemical fungicides have not been effective in addressing this disease, so alternative control methods are needed. One of potential biological agent that can be used is actinomycetes. This study aims to select actinomycete isolates from pylloplane of Liliaceae plants that have the potential to control P. oryzae and to identify these potential actinomycete isolates at the molecular level. The research stages include isolation and identification of the fungus P. oryzae, propagation of actinomycete isolates, antagonistic testing of actinomycetes against P. oryzae, testing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the five best actinomycetes against P. oryzae, best morphological characterization of actinomycetes, and molecular identification of actinomycetes. A total of 22 actinomycete isolates were tested for their antagonistic ability in vitro against P. oryzae using the dual culture method in a completely randomized design. The actinomycete isolate with the highest relative inhibition rate was identified at the molecular level using PCR techniques based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence with universal primers 27F and 16Sact1114R. The percentage of relative inhibition rate of actinomycetes against P. oryzae in the dual culture test ranged from 14,28%- 47,02%. The relative inhibition rate from the volatile compound tests ranged from 20,35%-58,92%. The most effective isolate with the highest relative inhibition rate percentage in the dual culture test is AHW173, which showed 91,23% similarity to Brevibacterium casei.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160261
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