Karakterisasi Gen SLC25A30 dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Karakteristik Karkas, Nilai Gizi dan Kualitas Daging Domba

Abstract

Tingkat konsumsi daging domba oleh konsumen dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti karakteristik karkas, kandungan nilai gizi dan kualitas daging yang mempertimbangkan proporsi daging pada domba. Salah satu gen kandidat yang dapat dijadikan penanda untuk kandungan nilai gizi, kualitas daging dan karakteristik karkas domba di Indonesia yaitu gen Solute Carrier Family 25 member 30 (SLC25A30). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme gen SLC25A30 pada SNP g.15912281 T>A serta mengetahui hubungannya dengan nilai gizi, kualitas daging dan karakteristik karkas domba Indonesia. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 244 ekor domba dari sembilan jenis domba Indonesia. Investigasi gen dilakukan dengan identifikasi keragaman gen SLC25A30 yang dianalisis menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), serta dilakukan asosiasi gen SLC25A30 terhadap parameter yang diuji menggunakan T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen SLC25A30 bersifat polimorfik yang ditandai dengan adanya tiga macam genotipe AA, AT dan TT. Keragaman genotipe gen SLC25A30 berada dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg kecuali pada domba komposit garut (DKG). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gen SLC25A30 secara nyata berasosiasi (P<0,05) dengan karakteristik karkas, kualitas daging, kandungan asam lemak dan flavor odor. Berdasarkan hasil asosiasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa gen SLC25A30 dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat marker dalam program seleksi domba untuk memperbaiki kualitas daging domba.

The level of lamb consumption by consumers is influenced by several factors, such as nutritional value content, meat quality, and carcass characteristics that consider the proportion of meat in sheep. One potential gene that can be used as a marker to assess the nutritional value, meat quality, and carcass characteristics of sheep in Indonesia is the Soluter Carrier Family 25 member 30 (SLC25A30) gene. This study aimed to identify the SLC25A30 gene polymorphism at SNP g.15912281 T>A and determine its relationship with nutritional value, meat quality, and carcass characteristics of Indonesian sheep. The study sample consisted of 244 sheep from nine Indonesian sheep breeds. Gene investigation was carried out by identifying the diversity of the SLC25A30 gene analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and the association of the SLC25A30 gene with the parameters tested using the T-test. The results showed that the SLC25A30 gene was polymorphic, characterized by the presence of three types of genotypes AA, AT and TT. The genotype diversity of the SLC25A30 gene is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results showed that the SLC25A30 gene was significantly associated (P<0,05) with carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid content and flavor odor. Based on the association results, it shows that the SLC25A30 gene can be used as a candidate marker in sheep selection programs to improve sheep meat quality.