Keragaman Gen AHSG dan CH25H serta Asosiasinya terhadap Karakteristik Karkas, Kandungan Gizi, dan Kualitas Daging Domba Indonesia

Abstract

Peningkatan populasi dan produksi daging domba Indonesia seharusnya diikuti dengan perbaikan genetik pada kualitas dan kandungan gizi daging domba di Indonesia melalui kajian genomik. Gen AHSG dan CH25H diindikasikan sebagai kandidat gen pengontrol pada pada kualitas dan kandungan gizi daging domba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandidat marka genetik gen AHSG dan CH25H dengan kajian genomik yang diasosiasikan terhadap karakteristik karkas, kandungan gizi dan kualitas daging domba Indonesia. Identifikasi keragaman gen AHSG dan CH25H dari berbagai jenis domba di Indonesia dan dibagi atas 2 kelompok bangsa yaitu domba lokal dan domba silangan dengan total populasi sebesar 244 ekor. Keragaman gen AHSG dan CH25H diidentifikasi dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Uji T dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh antara gen AHSG dan gen CH25H pada karakteristik karkas, kandungan gizi, dan kualitas daging serta pengaruh domba lokal dan silangan. Gen AHSG (g. 198655287 G>A) dan CH25H (g. 10661933 C>T) pada domba Indonesia menunjukkan polimorfik dengan tiga genotipe meliputi GG, GA, dan AA untuk gen AHSG, dan CC, CT, dan TT untuk CH25H. Distribusi dari alel gen AHSG (g. 198655287 G>A) dan CH25H (g. 10661933 C>T) berada dalam kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Gen AHSG (g. 198655287 G>A) berasosiasi pada karakteristik karkas, kandungan gizi, dan kualitas daging. Gen CH25H|TaiI (g. 10661933 C>T) berasosiasi pada karakteristik karkas, kandungan gizi, dan kualitas flavor dan odor. Genotipe AA pada gen AHSG dan genotipe TT pada gen CH25H memiliki berpotensi sebagai kandidat pengatur karakteristik karkas, kandungan gizi dan kualitas daging domba Indonesia yang berkualitas.

The increasing population and production of sheep meat in Indonesia should be accompanied by genetic improvement in the quality and nutritional content of sheep meat through genomic studies. The AHSG and CH25H genes have been identified as candidate genes controlling sheep's meat quality and nutritional value. This study analyzed the genetic marker candidates AHSG and CH25H through genomic studies and their association with carcass traits, nutritional value, and meat quality in Indonesian sheep. The polymorphism of the AHSG and CH25H genes was identified in various types of sheep in Indonesia, categorized into two groups: local sheep and crossbred sheep, with a total population of 244 animals. The genetic diversity of AHSG and CH25H was analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. T-tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of AHSG and CH25H genes on carcass characteristics, nutritional content, meat quality, and differences between local and crossbred sheep. The AHSG gene (g. 198655287 G>A) and the CH25H gene (g. 10661933 C>T) in Indonesian sheep exhibited polymorphisms with three genotypes: GG, GA, and AA for AHSG and CC, CT, and TT for CH25H. The allele distributions of AHSG (g. 198655287 G>A) and CH25H (g. 10661933 C>T) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The AHSG gene (g. 198655287 G>A) was associated with carcass characteristics, nutritional content, and meat quality. In contrast, the CH25H gene (g. 10661933 C>T) was associated with carcass traits, nutritional content, flavour, and odour quality. The AA genotype of the AHSG gene and the TT genotype of the CH25H gene are potential candidate markers for controlling carcass traits, nutritional content, and high-quality meat in Indonesian sheep.