Regulasi Percabangan dan Pembungaan Tiga Jenis Melati (Jasminum sambac L.) Pot dengan Pemangkasan Pucuk

Abstract

Melati merupakan tanaman hias yang dikenal masyarakat Indonesia. Bunga melati digunakan sebagai rangkaian bunga di berbagai acara adat maupun sebagai bahan baku industri. Pinching diharapkan dapat menghasilkan tanaman melati dalam pot yang lebih rimbun dan berbunga lebih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh tanaman melati dengan cabang dan bunga yang lebih banyak dengan cara pemangkasan pucuk melati (Jasminum sambac L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2023 hingga Mei 2024 menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak 2 faktor, faktor pertama yaitu tiga jenis melati dan faktor kedua yaitu frekuensi pinching. Frekuensi pinching terdiri atas empat taraf yaitu tanpa pinching, pinching 1 kali, pinching 2 kali, dan pinching 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pinching dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang pada tanaman, tetapi tidak meningkatkan total bunga pada melati Grand Duke of Tuscany 1, melati Grand Duke of Tuscany 2, serta melati Emprit Bandar Arum. Frekuensi pinching 2 kali dan 3 kali menghasilkan tanaman melati dengan jumlah cabang 43,64% dan 41,53% lebih banyak dibandingkan tanpa pinching. Varietas Emprit Bandar Arum menghasilkan jumlah cabang primer, sekunder, dan tersier, serta jumlah bunga nyata lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan melati Tuscany 1 dan 2.

Jasmine is a popular flower and ornamental plant in Indonesia. Jasmine flowers can be used in floral arrangements at various traditional events and as industrial raw materials to produce essential oils. For this purpose, plants with more branches and flowers are desirable. Pinching is one of the techniques that can induce axillary bud outgrowth. As jasmine flowers are borne on the apical branches, plants with more branches will have more flowers. This study aims to obtain jasmine plants with more branches and flowers by pinching jasmine shoots (Jasminum sambac L.). The study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024 using a 2-factor randomized complete block design, the first factor being three types of jasmine and the second factor being the frequency of pinching. The frequency of pinching consists of four levels: without pinching, 1 time pinching, 2 times pinching, and 3 times pinching. The study results showed that pinching increased the number of branches but did not significantly affect the number of flowers on jasmine Grand Duke of Tuscany 1, jasmine Grand Duke of Tuscany 2, and jasmine Emprit Bandar Arum. The frequency of pinching 2 times and 3 times produced jasmine plants with 43,64% and 41,53% more branches than without pinching. The Emprit Bandar Arum variety produced a more significant number of primary, secondary, and tertiary branches, also had the largest number of flowers compared to jasmine Tuscany 1 and 2.