Pemberian Ransum Creep Feed dengan Sumber Protein Berbeda terhadap Performa dan Kualitas Daging Domba Dorper Fase Lepas Sapih

Abstract

Permintaan daging domba sebagai sumber protein hewani terus meningkat seiring dengan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya gizi yang seimbang. Domba Dorper merupakan hasil persilangan Blackhead persian dan Dorset horn yang memiliki potensi pertumbuhan dan kualitas karkas yang tinggi. Dalam mengoptimalisasi pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging domba Dorper diperlukan pemberian creep feed berkualitas dengan sumber protein yang berbeda. Maggot BSF (Black Soldier Fly) dan Indigofera adalah dua sumber protein alternatif yang dipilih karena kandungan protein yang tinggi dan potensi nutriennya yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian creep feed dengan maggot BSF dan Indigofera terhadap performa dan kualitas daging domba Dorper. Penelitian menggunakan 21 ekor domba jantan Dorper umur 3 bulan dengan bobot rata-rata 20,03±1,71 kg. Ransum perlakuan terdiri dari PM = pakan komersial Martabe, P1 = creep feed Indigofera, dan P2 = creep feed maggot. Daging domba yang dianalisis yaitu daging bagian belakang paha kanan. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari performa ternak yang meliputi konsumsi pakan dan pertambahan berat badan; analisis karkas meliputi berat potong, berat karkas, dan persentase karkas. Analisa kualitas fisik daging meliputi pH, keempukan, susut masak, daya mengikat air, dan warna daging. Komposisi nutrien daging meliputi kadar air, protein kasar, kolesterol, lemak, dan asam lemak daging. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, dan perbedaan yang signifikan diuji lebih lanjut dengan uji Duncan menggunakan SPSS 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi bahan kering, protein kasar, serat kasar, lemak kasar, BETN, dan TDN pada perlakuan creep feed dengan maggot (P2) secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,01). Perlakuan P2 juga menunjukkan pertambahan bobot badan harian yang signifikan (P<0,05) lebih tinggi, sedangkan PM menunjukkan nilai efisiensi pakan yang tinggi dibandingkan P1 dan P2. Karakteristik karkas menunjukkan perlakuan P2 dan PM signifikan menghasilkan persentase karkas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan P1 (P<0,01). Kualitas fisik daging, termasuk pH, keempukan, susut masak, daya ikat air, dan warna daging, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar perlakuan (P>0,05). Komposisi nutrien daging menunjukkan peningkatan protein kasar pada perlakuan P1 (P<0,05), namun kadar air, kolesterol, dan lemak tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh perlakuan creep feed (P>0,05). Kesimpulannya bahwa Pemberian ransum creep feed mengandung maggot BSF (P2) pada domba Dorper lepas sapih meningkatkan konsumsi nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan harian, persentase karkas, dan mampu meningkatkan proporsi asam lemak tak jenuh daging. Ransum creep feed mengandung Indigofera (P1) mampu meningkatkan kandungan protein daging.

The demand for lamb as a source of animal protein continues to increase in line with the growing public awareness of the importance of balanced nutrition. Dorper sheep, a crossbreed between Blackhead Persian and Dorset Horn, have significant potential for growth and high-quality carcasses. To optimize the growth and meat quality of Dorper sheep, it is essential to provide high-quality creep feed with different protein sources. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots and Indigofera are two alternative protein sources chosen due to their high protein content and optimal nutritional potential. This study aims to analyze the effects of feeding Dorper sheep with creep feed containing BSF maggots and Indigofera on their performance and meat quality. The study used 21 male Dorper sheep, aged 3 months, with an average weight of 20.03±1.71 kg. The treatment diets consisted of PM = Martabe commercial feed, P1 = creep feed with Indigofera, and P2 = creep feed with maggots. The analyzed meat was taken from the right hind leg. The experimental design employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 7 replicates. The observed variables in this study included livestock performance, such as feed intake and weight gain; carcass analysis, including slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage; physical meat quality, including pH, tenderness, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and meat color; and meat nutrient composition, including water content, crude protein, cholesterol, fat, and fatty acids. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significant differences were further tested using Duncan's test with SPSS 25.0. The results showed that dry matter intake, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in the creep feed with maggots (P2) were significantly higher compared to the other treatments (P<0.01). The P2 treatment also demonstrated a significantly higher daily weight gain (P<0.05), while PM showed a higher feed efficiency compared to P1 and P2. Carcass characteristics indicated that the P2 and PM treatments significantly produced higher carcass percentages compared to P1 (P<0.01). The physical meat quality, including pH, tenderness, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and meat color, showed no significant differences between treatments (P>0.05). The nutrient composition of the meat showed an increase in crude protein in the P1 treatment (P<0.05), but water content, cholesterol, and fat were not significantly affected by the creep feed treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion, feeding post-weaning Dorper lambs with creep feed containing Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots (P2) increases nutrient intake, daily weight gain, carcass percentage, and enhances the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the meat. Creep feed containing Indigofera (P1) improves the protein content of the meat